SEC Filing | American Tower

- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 ---------------- FORM 10-K FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 (Mark One) [X]ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended December 31, 1998 OR [_]TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934 For the transition period from to . Commission file number 333-46025 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) Delaware 65-0723837 (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 116 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02116 (Address of principal executive offices and Zip Code) (617) 375-7500 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act: (Title of Class) None Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.Yes [X]No [_] Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this form 10-K. [_] The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of March 15, 1999 was approximately $3,031,352,000. As of March 15, 1999, 145,826,760 shares of Class A Common Stock, 8,943,773 shares of Class B Common Stock and 2,422,804 shares of the Class C Common Stock were issued and outstanding. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION TABLE OF CONTENTS

i CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS We have made and incorporated by reference forward-looking statements in this document. Forward-looking statements include those regarding our goals, beliefs, plans or current expectations and other statements contained regarding matters that are not historical facts. For example, when we use the words "believe", "expect", "anticipate", or similar expressions, we are making forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements concerning; . the outcome of our growth strategy, . future results of operations, . liquidity and capital expenditures, . construction and acquisition activities, . debt levels and the ability to obtain financing and service debt, . competitive conditions in the communications site and wireless carrier industries, . regulatory developments in the communications site and wireless carrier industries, . projected growth of the wireless communications and wireless carrier industries, and . general economic conditions. Our forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties. You should note that many factors, some of which are discussed elsewhere in this document, could affect our company in the future and could cause our results to differ materially form those expressed in our forward-looking statements. We do not undertake to release publicly the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect future events or circumstances. NOTE TO READER The Way We Describe Ourselves in this Document American Tower Corporation ("the Company", "ATC" or "American Tower") has been actively buying and merging with other companies and raising capital for its business. We believe you will have a better understanding of us if we show how we look with all those transactions included. Therefore, we present some of the information in this document on a "what if" basis to show how we would look if we had owned these companies for all of the various periods or now. This information includes only the major acquisitions and mergers and other transactions and assumes that they had occurred as of January 1, 1998. Management expects that acquisitions consummated and construction completed to date will have a material impact on future revenues, expenses, income from continuing operations and capital expenditures. The historical 1998 financial information does not reflect the impact of these items and should be read in that context. ITEM 1. BUSINESS. General American Tower is a leading independent owner, operator and developer of wireless communications and broadcast towers in the United States. ATC's strategy is to use its leading position to take advantage of the growth opportunities inherent in the rapidly expanding and highly fragmented communications site industry. ATC has grown in less than four years to a company that operates more than 3,200 towers in 44 states and the District of Columbia, giving effect to pending transactions. ATC's primary business is the leasing of antennae sites on multi-tenant towers to a diverse range of wireless communications industries, including personal communications services ("PCS"), paging, cellular, enhanced specialized mobile radio ("ESMR"), specialized mobile radio ("SMR"), and fixed microwave, as well as radio 1 and television broadcasters. ATC also offers its customers a broad range of network development services, including network design, site acquisition, zoning and other regulatory approvals, tower construction and antennae installation. ATC is also engaged in the video, voice, data and Internet transmission business, which it currently conducts in the New York City to Washington, D.C. corridor and Texas. ATC operates or is constructing towers in major cities throughout the United States and has its largest tower clusters in California, Florida and Texas. American Tower achieved its growth predominantly through acquisitions. ATC intends to continue to pursue strategic acquisitions, including possible transactions with large wireless service providers seeking to divest their ownership of towers. More recently, however, ATC has been engaged in a major construction program. In 1998, American Tower (exclusive of construction activities of acquired or to be acquired companies prior to acquisition) constructed or had under construction at year-end more than 500 towers at an aggregate cost of approximately $116.8 million. ATC also built an additional 300 towers for third parties. The 1999 business plan of ATC calls for construction of between 1,200 and 1,600 towers at a cost of between $216.0 million and $304.0 million (exclusive of broadcast towers). The actual number of towers built may be outside of that range because of more attractive investment opportunities from acquisitions (in which case it could be less) or significant new build to suit projects with wireless service providers (in which case it could be more). ATC has a diversified base of approximately 3,900 customers. No customer accounted for more than 10% of its operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998. The five largest customers accounted for less than 30% of 1998 revenues. ATC's wide range of customers include most of the major wireless service providers, including Airtouch, Alltell, AT&T Wireless, Bell Atlantic Mobile, BellSouth, GTE Mobilnet, Houston Cellular, Metrocall, Mobile Comm, Nextel, Omnipoint, PacBell, PageNet, PowerTel, PrimeCo PCS, SkyTel, Southwestern Bell, Sprint PCS and Western Wireless. In addition, most of the major radio and television broadcasters are ATC's customers, including ABC, CBS, Chancellor Media, Clear Channel, CNN, Fox and NBC. ATC provides site acquisition services to most of the major wireless service providers. It has constructed or is constructing towers on a build to suit basis for several of those carriers. The principal users of ATC's video, voice, data and Internet transmission services are television broadcasters and other video suppliers, such as CBS, CNN, Fox and TCI. Management estimates that ATC's site leasing activities, which generates the highest profit margin of its businesses, accounted for 58.4% of its operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998; services (primarily site acquisition activities) accounted for 22.5% of such revenues; and the video, voice, data and Internet transmission business accounted for 19.1% of such revenues. ATC believes that leasing activities are likely to grow at a more rapid rate than other aspects of its business because of its intention to focus on build to suit and other construction activities. ATC derives its revenue from various industry sectors. The percentage of ATC's annual run-rate revenues (based on December 1998) derived from the various industry sectors is estimated to be as follows: PCS 24%; paging 20%; major television networks (teleports) 14%; cellular 7%; fixed microwave 2%; radio and television broadcasting 6%; ESMR 6%; two-way radio 6%; SMR 4% and governmental agencies and others 11%. Management believes that the foregoing percentages are probably not indicative of future contributions to be made by the various industry sectors. Future contributions will probably change because of the anticipated growth of PCS, cellular and ESMR compared to other wireless providers. Management's intended operational strategy will also impact relative contributions. Moreover, PCS's ongoing percentage of operating revenues may decline over time because its anticipated growth in lease revenues will be more than offset by the decline in ATC's site acquisition and construction activities for that sector. ATC designed its growth strategy to enhance its position as a leading U.S. provider of communications sites and network development services to the wireless communications and broadcasting industries. The principal elements of this strategy are to: . maximize utilization of antennae sites through targeted sales and marketing techniques; 2 . expand its tower construction activities, principally through build to suit projects; . pursue strategic acquisitions, designed principally (i) to take advantage of divestiture opportunities presented by wireless service providers, (ii) to facilitate entry into new geographic markets and (iii) to complement the construction program. Industry Overview ATC's growth strategy seeks to capitalize on the rapid expansion taking place in the wireless communications industry. ATC believes the increase in demand for wireless communications is attributable to a number of factors. These include: . decreasing costs of wireless services; . increasing mobility of the U.S. population; . the growing awareness of the benefits of mobile communications; . technological advances in communications equipment; . favorable changes in telecommunications regulations; and . business and consumer preferences for higher quality voice and data transmission. The Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association estimates that the number of subscribers to wireless telephone services was approximately five million in 1990. According to The Yankee Group, a telecommunications marketing research firm, the number of subscribers to cellular and PCS was over 60 million in 1998 and is projected to increase to over 122 million by the year 2003. Contributing significantly to the anticipated requirements is the nature of PCS and ESMR. These higher frequency technologies have a reduced cell range and thus require a higher density of towers in the network. Consequently, the anticipated increase in the demand for these technologies will require more towers to be built. The Personal Communications Industry Association (of which James S. Eisenstein, an executive officer of ATC, is a director) estimates that cellular and PCS needs will require the construction of over 100,000 additional antennae sites over the next ten years. ATC believes that as the wireless communications industry has grown, the industry has become more competitive. As a consequence, many carriers may seek to preserve capital and speed access to their markets by (i) focusing on activities that contribute directly to subscriber growth, (ii) outsourcing infrastructure requirements such as owning, constructing and maintaining towers and/or (iii) by co-locating transmission facilities. ATC also believes that the co-location trend is likely to be accelerated because of regulatory restrictions and the growing tendency of local municipalities seeking to slow the proliferation of towers in their communities by requiring that towers accommodate multiple tenants. Management believes that national and other large wireless service providers will prefer to deal with a company, such as ATC, that can meet the majority of such providers' needs within a particular market or region, rather than, as in the past, when carriers typically sourced many of such services in-house, while local non-integrated service contractors focused on specific segments such as radio frequency engineering, site acquisition and tower construction. Management believes that, in addition to such favorable growth and outsourcing trends, the communications site industry and ATC will benefit from several favorable industry characteristics, including the following: . a recurring and growing revenue stream due in part to long-term leases; . low tenant "churn" due to the costs and disruption associated with reconfiguring a wireless network or broadcasting location; . a customer base which is diversified by industry which consists principally of large, financially responsible national companies; . favorable absolute and incremental tower cash flow margins due to low variable operating costs; 3 . low on-going maintenance capital requirements; . local government and environmental initiatives to reduce the number of towers thereby requiring carriers to co-locate antennae; and . the opportunity to consolidate in a highly fragmented industry, thereby creating the potential for enhanced levels of customer service and operating efficiency. While the wireless communications industry is experiencing rapid growth, the television broadcasting industry, with strong encouragement from both Congress and the FCC, is actively planning its strategy for the transition from analog to digital technology. ATC believes that this transition will require a substantial investment in enhanced broadcast infrastructure, including the construction or reengineering of broadcast towers. ATC expects much of the associated capital requirements will be borne by the broadcasters. However, management believes that, as with the deployment of towers for the wireless carriers, speed to market and limited capital resources will cause certain broadcasters to outsource the construction or reengineering of their towers in order to accommodate digital technology. Growth Strategy ATC's objective is to enhance its position as a leading U.S. provider of communications sites and network development services to the wireless communications and broadcasting industries. ATC's growth strategy consists of the following principal elements: Internal Growth through Sales, Service and Capacity Utilization. Management believes that a substantial opportunity for profitable growth exists by maximizing the utilization of existing and future towers. Because the costs of operating a site are largely fixed, increasing tower utilization significantly improves site operating margins. Moreover, when a specific tower reaches full antennae attachment capacity, ATC is often able to construct an additional tower at the same location, thereby further leveraging its investment in land, related equipment and certain operating costs, such as taxes, utilities and telephone service. ATC intends to use targeted sales and marketing techniques to increase utilization of both existing and newly constructed towers and to maximize investment returns on acquired towers with underutilized capacity. Management believes that the key to the success of this strategy lies in its ability to develop and consistently deliver a high level of customer service, and to be widely recognized as a company that makes realistic commitments and then delivers on them. Since speed to market and reliable network performance are critical components to the success of wireless service providers, ATC's ability to assist its customers in meeting these goals will ultimately define its marketing success and capacity utilization. ATC targets wireless service providers that are expanding or improving their existing network infrastructure as well as those deploying new technologies. Growth by Construction. ATC believes it can achieve attractive investment returns by constructing new tower clusters in and around markets in which it already has a presence, along major highways and in targeted new markets, particularly markets that have not been significantly built out by carriers or other communications site companies. By working with one or more "anchor" tenants, ATC will seek to develop an overall master plan for a particular network by locating new sites in areas identified by its customers as optimal for their network expansion requirements. ATC generally secures commitments for leasing prior to commencing construction, thereby minimizing, to some extent, the risks associated with the investment. In some cases, ATC may invest in the zoning and permitting of sites (and even the construction of towers) when it has no anchor tenant, but believes that demand will exist in the near term. ATC will also pursue strategic acquisitions as a means of filling out or, in certain cases, initiating a tower cluster. Management intends to place a strong emphasis on new tower development for the foreseeable future because it believes that new tower construction can produce relatively attractive initial returns. In addition, ATC can design and build towers to specifications that assure ample future capacity and minimize the need for future 4 capital expenditures. Management also intends to pursue new tower construction to service the demand for digital television and for tower space for radio antennae displaced by digital television requirements. Over time, management believes that as many as half of its towers will result from construction, with the vast majority of these designed to serve the wireless communications industry. The 1999 business plan of ATC calls for construction of between 1,200 and 1,600 towers at a cost of between $216.0 million and $304.0 million (exclusive of broadcast towers). The actual number of towers built may be outside of that range because of more attractive investment opportunities from acquisitions (in which case it could be less) or significant new build to suit projects with wireless service providers (in which case it could be more). The scope of ATC's forecasted construction program is substantially greater than the combined past construction programs of ATC and the various companies it has acquired. As a consequence, ATC may not have enough experienced and qualified personnel to complete its construction program on time and within budget. Personnel shortages may also affect ATC's ability to manage effectively the substantially increased number of towers it is constructing and acquiring. American Tower, and others in the industry, are increasingly devoting their construction activities to build to suit projects. Under these arrangements, ATC, and others, agree with a major wireless service provider to build a network of a significant number of towers to the provider's specification. Build to suit activities involve certain additional risks. Although such projects involve an "anchor" tenant, ATC may not be able to secure a sufficient number of additional tenants to ensure adequate investment returns. This may be particularly true for the larger build to suit projects that ATC is seeking. In fact, one of the reasons providers may be entering into build to suit arrangements (rather than, as in the past, undertaking their own construction) is that many of the proposed sites may be expensive or difficult to build on or in undesirable locations for many other wireless service providers. Such projects also entail the additional risk of a greater dependence on a single customer with, in many instances, more favorable lease and control provisions than those made available generally by ATC to its tenants. The ability to obtain, and commit to, large new construction projects will require significant financial resources. Management believes that its cost of capital, relative to the cost of capital of its competitors, will be an important factor in determining the success of its growth by construction strategy. Based on its previous capital market transactions, management believes that it has a good reputation in the financial community, including among banks, investment banking firms, institutional investors and public investors, and that such reputation will help it attract capital on the favorable terms necessary to finance its growth. However, funds may not be available to ATC on such terms. ATC's construction growth strategy is highly dependent on its ability to complete tower construction in a timely and cost effective manner. ATC cannot control the principal factors that can prevent, delay or increase the cost of construction. Such factors include zoning and local permitting requirements, environmental group opposition, availability of skilled construction personnel and construction equipment, adverse weather conditions and federal regulations. As the pace of tower construction has increased in recent years, the required manpower and equipment have been in increasing demand. The anticipated increase in construction activity, for both ATC and the industry, could significantly increase costs and delay time schedules associated with tower construction, either of which could have a material adverse effect on ATC. The construction of towers to accommodate the introduction of digital television service could be particularly affected by a potential shortage of construction capability. Growth by Acquisition. ATC has achieved a leading industry position primarily through acquisitions. ATC intends to continue to target strategic acquisitions in markets or regions where it already owns towers as well as new markets, possibly including non-U.S. markets. Among the potential acquisitions are tower networks owned by major wireless service providers. These providers may seek to divest their ownership of such networks for reasons similar to those motivating them to outsource their new construction requirements. These transactions often involve ATC obtaining future 5 construction commitments for the seller's tower needs. The transactions may be substantial, involving several thousand towers and purchase prices in the hundreds of millions of dollars. Construction commitments which may attend such acquisitions may also entail hundreds of millions of dollars of capital expenditures. ATC has submitted proposals to several wireless service providers in the past (none of which have resulted in definitive agreements to date) and intends to continue to pursue such opportunities actively. ATC may not necessarily enter into any such major transaction. ATC has experienced increased competition for towers being divested by wireless service providers, and believes such competition may intensify, resulting in substantially higher prices to complete such transactions. Transactions with wireless service providers entail the risk of dependence on a single customer with, in many instances, more favorable lease and control provisions than those made available generally by ATC to its tenants. ATC's current activities with respect to possible significant acquisitions range from the evaluation of properties, to submissions of indications of interests and first-round bids. These opportunities range in size from several hundred towers to several thousand towers and from purchase prices of tens of millions of dollars to several hundreds of millions of dollars. Such purchase prices could take the form of cash, common stock or other securities, or a combination thereof. No material acquisition has reached the legally binding agreement stage other than those described in this document. See "--Recent Transactions" below. ATC cannot predict whether it will enter into any binding agreements with respect to major acquisitions or, if it does, their terms or the timing of them. ATC would probably not require additional equity capital to finance a limited number of such transactions with wireless service providers seeking to divest ownership of their towers. However, more than a limited number of such acquisitions, which is unlikely, could require an equity financing, particularly since they would likely include major build to suit construction commitments. See "--Competition" below. ATC will attempt to increase revenues and operating margins at acquired communications sites through expanded sales and marketing efforts, improved customer service, cost reductions and, in certain instances, increased tower capacity. Acquisitions of communications towers and sites are evaluated using numerous criteria, including potential demand, tower location, tower height, existing capacity utilization, local competition and local government restrictions on new tower development. ATC also intends to pursue, on a selective basis, the acquisition of site acquisition companies and providers of video, voice, data and Internet transmission services, and may pursue acquisitions related to the communications site industry, including companies engaged in the tower fabrication business. Products and Services The Company operates in three business segments: tower rental and management ("TRM"), Services, and video, voice, data and Internet transmission services ("VVDI"). The TRM segment provides for the leasing and subleasing of antennae sites on multi-tenant towers for a diverse range of wireless communication industries, including PCS, paging, cellular, ESMR, SMR and fixed microwave, as well as radio and television broadcasters. The Services segment offers a broad range of network development services, including network design, site acquisition and construction, zoning and other regulatory approvals, tower construction and antennae installation. The VVDI segment offers transmission services in the New York City to Washington, D.C. corridor and in Texas. See the Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, for information with respect to the financial data by segment. Tower Rental and Management Segment Leasing of Antennae Sites. ATC's primary business is the leasing of antennae sites on multi-tenanted communications towers to companies in all segments of the wireless communications and broadcasting industries. Giving effect to pending transactions, ATC has more than 3,200 towers in 44 states and the District of Columbia, approximately 600 of which are managed for others, including approximately 400 rooftop antennae. ATC rents tower space and provides related services to a diverse range of wireless communications industries, including PCS, paging, cellular, ESMR, SMR, and fixed microwave, as well as radio and television 6 broadcasters. ATC is geographically diversified with a significant number of towers throughout the United States. Its largest tower clusters are in California, Florida and Texas. ATC also owns and operates communications sites or is constructing communications sites in cities such as Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Dallas, Houston, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Los Angeles, Miami-Ft. Lauderdale, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Raleigh, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, Tucson, Washington, D.C. and West Palm Beach. ATC's leases, like most of those in the industry, generally vary depending upon the industry user. Television and radio broadcasters prefer long-term leases (generally from 15 to 20 years), and wireless communications providers favor somewhat shorter lease terms (generally from five to ten years), with multiple renewals at the option of the tenant. However, the leases acquired in the merger with the old American Tower Corporation tend to be of shorter duration, generally two years, and permit earlier termination if ATC were to attempt to impose price increases relating to escalator provisions. Governmental agencies, because of budgetary restrictions, generally have one- year leases that tend to renew automatically. Tenants tend to renew their leases because of the complications associated with moving antennae. For example, a move by a television or radio broadcaster would necessitate Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") approval and could entail major dislocations and the uncertainty associated with building antennae in new coverage areas. In the case of cellular, PCS and other wireless users, moving one antenna might necessitate moving several others because of the interlocking grid-like nature of their wireless systems. In addition, the increasing difficulty of obtaining local zoning approvals, the increasing environmental concerns of communities and the restrictions imposed upon owners and operators by the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") and upon tenants by the FCC tend to reduce the number of alternatives available to a tower user. Most of ATC's leases have escalator provisions (annual automatic increases based on specified estimated cost measures or on increases in the consumer price index). While these provisions are not by themselves intended to be a primary source of growth, they provide a stable and predictable growth component that is enhanced by increased tower utilization. ATC may also receive fees if it is retained to install the customers' equipment and antennae on the communications site. The number of antennae that ATC's towers can accommodate varies depending on the type of tower (broadcast or non-broadcast), the height of the tower and the nature of the services provided by such antennae. Non-broadcast towers of 200-300 feet that are designed to maximize capacity generally are capable of housing between five and ten tenants using an aggregate of between 25 and 50 antennae. Broadcasting towers generally are capable of housing between ten and forty tenants using an aggregate of between 50 and 100 antennae. Annual rental payments vary considerably depending upon (i) the type of service being provided; (ii) the size of the transmission line and the number and weight of the antennae on the tower; (iii) the existing capacity of the tower; (iv) the antenna's placement on, and the location and height of, the tower; and (v) the competitive environment. Management believes that it is not possible to state with any degree of precision the vacancy or unused capacity of a "typical" tower, group of related towers or all of its towers for a variety of reasons, including, among others, the variations that occur depending on the types of antennae placed on the tower, the types of service being provided by the tower users, the type and location of the tower or towers, the ability to build other towers so as to configure a network of related towers, whether any of the users have imposed restrictions on competitive users, and whether there are any environmental, zoning or other restrictions on the number or type of users. ATC's antennae site leasing business is dependent on many factors that are beyond its control, including, among other things (i) consumer demand for wireless services; (ii) the financial condition of wireless service providers and their preference for owning or leasing antennae sites; (iii) governmental licensing of broadcast rights, zoning, environmental and other governmental regulations; (iv) national and regional economic conditions, including a slowdown in the growth of wireless communications, a downturn in a particular wireless segment or a decrease in the number of carriers, nationally or locally, in a particular segment; and (v) technological changes. Demand could also be adversely affected by "roaming" and "resale" arrangements. These arrangements enable a provider to serve customers outside its license area, to give licensed providers the right to enter into arrangements to serve overlapping license areas and to permit nonlicensed providers to enter 7 the wireless marketplace. Wireless providers might consider such roaming and resale arrangements as superior to constructing their own facilities or leasing antennae space from ATC. Any material decrease in demand or proliferation of "roaming" and "resale" arrangements could have a material adverse effect on ATC. The demand for antenna space is dependent, to a significantly lesser extent, on the needs of television and radio broadcasters. Among other things, certain technological advances, including the development of satellite-delivered radio, may reduce the need for tower-based broadcast transmission. ATC could also be affected adversely should the development of digital television be delayed or impaired, or if demand for it were to be less than anticipated because of delays, disappointing technical performance or cost to the consumer. Communications Site Management Business. ATC is a leading manager of communications sites. These are principally rooftop sites, but also ground towers, for other owners. A principal aspect of this business is the development of new sources of revenue for building owners by effectively managing all aspects of rooftop telecommunications, including two-way radio systems, microwave, fiber optics, wireless cable and paging and rooftop infrastructure construction services. ATC manages approximately 600 towers (of which approximately 400 are rooftop towers). Management contracts are generally for a period of five years and contain automatic five-year renewal periods unless terminated by either party before renewal or upon an uncured default. Under these contracts, ATC is responsible for marketing antennae sites on the tower, reviewing existing and negotiating future license agreements with tenant users, managing and enforcing those agreements, supervising installation of equipment by tenants to ensure, among other things, non-interference with other users, supervising repairs and maintenance to the towers, as well as site billing, collections and contract administration. In addition, ATC handles all calls as well as questions regarding the site so that the building management team or owner is relieved of this responsibility. For such services, ATC is entitled to a percentage of lease payments, which is higher for new tenants than for existing tenants. Upon any termination of a contract, unless because of its default, ATC is generally entitled to its percentage with respect to then existing tenants so long as they remain tenants. Services Segment Site Acquisition Business/Construction. ATC's site acquisition division has developed more than 8,000 sites in 48 states and currently has field offices in 13 major cities, including Atlanta, Chicago, Charlotte, Cleveland, Jacksonville, New Orleans and Seattle. The site selection and acquisition process begins with the network design. Highway corridors, population centers and topographical features are identified within the carrier's existing or proposed network, and drive tests are performed to monitor all PCS, cellular and ESMR frequencies to locate the systems then operating in that geographic area and identify where any holes in coverage may exist. Based on this data, the carrier and ATC develop a "search ring", generally of one-mile radius, within which the site acquisition department identifies land available either for purchase or lease. ATC personnel select the most suitable sites, based on demographics, traffic patterns and signal characteristics. The site is then submitted to the local zoning/planning board for approval. If the site is approved, in certain instances ATC will supervise construction of the towers and other improvements on the communications site. ATC's site acquisition services are provided on a fixed fee or time and materials basis. Existing users of ATC's site acquisition services include Airtouch, Alltel, AT&T Wireless, Ameritech, Bell Atlantic Mobile, BellSouth, GTE Mobilnet, MobileComm, PageNet, Power Tel, SkyTel, Southwestern Bell, Sprint PCS and Western Wireless. While ATC will continue to provide site acquisition services to those customers desiring them, it also intends to actively market its construction services as an extension of these services. Build to Suit Business/Construction. Upon the closing of the OmniAmerica merger, as described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, ATC entered the tower construction business as an erector and now designs, builds, installs, modifies and maintains land-based wireless communications transmitting and receiving facilities primarily for providers of wireless communications services. Prior to the merger, ATC had not itself constructed towers, but rather managed the construction activities of independent third parties. ATC also provides certain electrical engineering services, wireless equipment testing services and site acquisition and evaluation services in connection with the location and installation of wireless communications facilities. 8 Historically, cellular and other wireless service providers have constructed a majority of their towers for their own use, while usually outsourcing certain services such as site acquisition and construction management. More recently, however, service providers have expressed a growing interest in having independent companies own the towers on which they will secure space under long-term leases. Management believes this trend is the result of a need among such providers to preserve capital and to speed access to their markets by focusing on activities that contribute to subscriber growth and by outsourcing infrastructure requirements such as owning, constructing and maintaining towers or by co-locating their transmission infrastructure. ATC has positioned itself as an attractive choice for this build to suit opportunity. It has done so by acquiring and developing reputable site acquisition companies with established client relationships in both site acquisition and construction management, and by obtaining the financial resources necessary to participate in the build to suit arena on a substantial scale. Management believes companies that are able to demonstrate the ability to successfully locate, acquire and permit sites and finance and construct towers in a timely manner will be used by a significant number of wireless service providers on an expanded basis. ATC is currently engaged in build to suit efforts for a number of wireless service providers. It is also seeking several major build to suit projects, although no definitive agreements may result. The cost of construction of a tower varies both by site location (which will determine, among other things, the required height of the tower) and type of tower. Non-broadcast towers (whether on a rooftop or the ground) generally cost between approximately $150,000 and $200,000. Broadcasting towers generally are built to bear a greater load and usually cost between $300,000 and $1.0 million if on an elevated location and between $1.0 million and $3.5 million if on flat terrain. The number of antennae that ATC's towers can accommodate varies depending on the type of tower (broadcast or non-broadcast), and the tower's location, height and the loaded capacity at certain wind speeds. An antenna's height on a tower and such tower's location determine the line-of-sight of such antenna with the horizon and, consequently, the distance a signal can be transmitted. Some users, such as paging companies and SMR providers in rural areas, need higher elevations for broader coverage. Other carriers such as PCS, ESMR and cellular companies in metropolitan areas usually do not need to place their equipment at the highest tower point. Non-broadcast towers of 200-300 feet that are designed to maximize capacity generally are capable of housing between five and ten tenants using an aggregate of between 25 and 50 antennae. Broadcasting towers generally are capable of housing between ten and forty tenants using an aggregate of between 50 and 100 antennae. In most cases, well engineered and well located towers built to serve the specifications of an initial anchor tenant in the wireless communications sector will attract three or more additional wireless tenants over time, thereby increasing revenue and enhancing margins. ATC also provides some additional services which were not significant to its overall operations in 1998. ATC manufactures and sells a line of fasteners and other mounting components, waveguide bridge products, square support rail, tower lighting systems, tower safety products and other hardware products. End users utilize these products primarily in connection with the installation and maintenance of wireless communications facilities. ATC also manufactures certain wireless components on a private label basis for sale to several large wireless communications equipment vendors who market these products under their own brand names. In addition, ATC provides tower site monitoring services to notify and alert tower owners, the FAA, utility companies or others of problems or irregular conditions at ATC and third party tower sites. Video, Voice, Data and Internet Transmission Services Segment ATC's video, voice, data and Internet transmission business is called ATC Teleports. It is operated in and between New York City and Washington, D.C. and throughout Texas. A teleport is a hub for transmissions to and from ground based sources and satellites. A typical teleport facility consists of satellite antennas (dishes), a 24-hour, 365-day operations center, terrestrial links and other support facilities. ATC owns a teleport outside of New York City and one outside of Washington, D.C. It also has a terrestrial system connecting Washington, D.C., Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York City. The New York teleport system is located on a 70-acre owned site which is zoned for 29 satellite dishes of which 22 are existing, thereby providing significant expansion 9 capacity. The Washington, D.C. teleport is located in northern Virginia, inside of the Washington Beltway, on 16 acres and has 40 dishes with the capacity for an additional 20. The terrestrial system between the teleports consists of fiber and microwave channels. The entire system is used by television networks, broadcasters, cable programmers, and many of the leading voice, data and Internet providers. The teleports can access all of the domestic and major international satellites in their operating regions. The Texas system consists of a teleport outside of Dallas and a terrestrial system connecting Dallas, Austin, San Antonio, Houston and Corpus Christi. The system connects to all major sports and convention venues, broadcasters and other significant video users in Texas. Customers ATC's customers aggregate approximately 3,900 and include many of the major companies in the wireless communications industry. While none of ATC's customers accounted for as much as 10% of its operating revenues for the year ended December 31, 1998, most of the customers named below account for more than 1% of such revenues, and each is considered by ATC to be an important customer: . Cellular and PCS: Airtouch, Alltell, AT&T Wireless, Bell Atlantic Mobile, BellSouth, GTE Mobilnet, Houston Cellular, Mobile Comm, Omnipoint, PacBell, PrimeCo PCS, Southwestern Bell Mobile Systems (operating as Cellular One), and Sprint PCS; . Paging: Arch, Metrocall, PageMart, PageNet and Pittencrief; . ESMR: Nextel; and . Television and Radio Broadcasting: ABC, CBS, Chancellor Media, Clear Channel, CNN, Fox and NBC. ATC's site acquisition services, which afford ATC the opportunity to furnish additional services such as the construction and zoning of communications sites, are provided to most of the cellular, PCS and ESMR customers listed above. ATC has constructed or is constructing towers on a build to suit basis for companies such as BellSouth, Nextel, Omnipoint, PrimeCo PCS and Southwestern Bell and is seeking several major build to suit projects, although no definitive agreements may result. The principal users of ATC's video, voice, data and Internet transmission services are television broadcasters and other video suppliers, such as CBS, CNN, Fox and TCI. Revenues are derived from two sources of approximately equal significance: (i) contracted, long-term services of a regular, recurring nature and (ii) nonrecurring services relating to special news or events. Management Organization ATC is headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts and is organized on a regional basis with each region being headed by a vice president who reports to the Chief Operating Officer. Its current regional operations are based in Boston, Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston and the San Francisco Bay area, although additional regional centers may develop over time. Management believes that its regional operations centers which are in varying stages of development should ultimately be capable of responding effectively to the opportunities and customer needs of their respective defined geographic areas and that these operations centers should have skilled engineering, construction management and marketing personnel. Management also believes that over time enhanced customer service and greater operating efficiencies can be achieved by centralizing certain operating functions, including accounting and lease administration. Such centralization, when achieved, will enable key information about each site, tower lease and customer to become part of a centralized database, with communication links to regional operations centers. In conjunction with its acquisition of various companies, management believes it has obtained the services of key personnel with skills in areas such as site acquisition, construction management, tower operations, engineering, marketing, lease administration and finance. As ATC seeks to expand its size and improve on the 10 quality and consistency of service delivery, it will need to complete the staffing of its existing regions and may, in the longer term, need to supplement its current workforce in certain critical areas, develop new regional centers and intensify its dedication to customer service. Accordingly, management is actively recruiting key personnel to complete the staffing of its regional operations centers and to strengthen and deepen its corporate group. ATC focuses its efforts on recruiting people from the industry sectors it serves and in some instances recruiting skilled engineering, marketing and other personnel from outside the communications site, wireless communications and broadcasting industries. History and ATC Formation In early 1995, Steven B. Dodge, the then Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of American Radio Systems Corporation ("American Radio" or "ARS"), and other members of its management, recognized the opportunity in the communications site industry as a consequence of its ownership and operation of broadcast towers. As a result, ATC was formed and incorporated in Delaware in July 1995 as a subsidiary of American Radio to capitalize on this opportunity. American Radio distributed its ATC stock to its securityholders in connection with its merger with CBS Corporation ("CBS") in June 1998. For further information see "ATC Separation" below and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. ATC Separation. On June 4, 1998, American Radio consummated its merger with CBS and American Tower ceased to be a subsidiary of, or otherwise affiliated with, American Radio and commenced operations as an independent publicly traded company (the "ATC Separation"). As part of the ATC Separation, all of the common stock of American Tower owned by American Radio was distributed to ARS common stockholders and holders of options to acquire ARS common stock and were or will be distributed upon conversion of American Radio convertible securities. As required by the CBS-ARS merger, ATC entered into an agreement (the "Separation Agreement") with CBS and American Radio providing for, among other things, the allocation of certain tax liabilities to American Tower, certain closing date adjustments relating to American Radio, the lease to American Radio by American Tower of space on certain towers previously owned by American Radio and transferred to ATC, and the orderly separation of American Radio and ATC. For information concerning the amounts heretofore paid by ATC to CBS pursuant to such provisions, and ATC's remaining obligations with respect to those tax liabilities, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources--ATC Separation" under Item 7 and the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Transactions Consummated Acquisitions. During the period January 1, 1998 through March 4, 1999, ATC has acquired various communications sites and businesses for an estimated purchase price of approximately $1.6 billion, including the issuance of approximately 57.0 million shares of Class A common stock valued (at the time of the relevant agreement) at $837.4 million. The most significant of those acquisitions are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Pending Acquisitions. ATC is a party to various agreements relating to the acquisition and construction of additional towers for third parties which involve an aggregate purchase price (a portion of which is payable in shares of Class A common stock) of between $6.0 million and $30.0 million, depending on the cash flow of the towers to be acquired and the actual number of towers to be built. Such transactions are subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions and, in certain cases, the expiration or earlier termination of the Hart-Scott Rodino ("HSR") Act waiting period and most are scheduled to close in the spring or summer of 1999. 11 Regulatory Matters Federal Regulations. Both the FCC and the FAA regulate towers used for wireless communications and radio and television antennae. Such regulations control the siting, lighting, marking and maintenance of towers and may, depending on the characteristics of the tower, require registration of tower facilities and issuance of determinations of no hazard. Wireless communications devices operating on towers are separately regulated and independently licensed by the FCC based upon the regulation of the particular frequency used. In addition, the FCC also separately licenses and regulates television and radio stations broadcasting from towers. Depending on the height and location, proposals to construct new antenna structures or to modify existing antenna structures are reviewed by the FAA to ensure that the structure will not present a hazard to aircraft, and such review is a prerequisite to FCC authorization of communications devices placed on the tower. Tower owners also bear the responsibility for notifying the FAA of any tower lighting failures. Year 2000-related problems could cause ATC's tower light systems to fail which would create a hazard to air navigation. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Year 2000" under Item 7. ATC generally indemnifies its customers against any failure to comply with applicable standards. Failure to comply with applicable requirements may lead to civil penalties. The introduction and development of digital television also may affect ATC and some of its largest customers. In addition, the need to install additional antennae required to deliver digital television service may necessitate the relocation of many currently co-located FM antennae. The need to secure state and local regulatory approvals for the construction and reconstruction of this substantial number of antennae and the structures on which they are mounted presents a potentially significant regulatory obstacle to the communications site industry. As a result, the FCC has solicited comments on whether, and in what circumstances, the FCC should preempt state and local zoning and land use laws and ordinances regulating the placement and construction of communications sites. There can be no assurance as to whether or when any such federal preemptive regulations may be promulgated or, if adopted, what form they might take, whether they would be more or less restrictive than existing state and local regulations, or whether the constitutionality of such regulation, if challenged on constitutional grounds, would be upheld. Local Regulations. Local regulations include city and other local ordinances, zoning restrictions and restrictive covenants imposed by local authorities. These regulations vary greatly, but typically require tower owners to obtain approval from local officials or community standard organizations prior to tower construction. Local regulations can delay or prevent new tower construction or site upgrade projects, thereby limiting ATC's ability to respond to customer demand. In addition, such regulations increase costs associated with new tower construction. Existing regulatory policies may adversely affect the timing or cost of new tower construction and additional regulations may be adopted which increase such delays or result in additional costs to ATC. Such factors could have a material adverse effect on ATC's financial condition or results of operations. Other. ATC's customers may also become subject to new regulations or regulatory policies which adversely affect the demand for communication sites. In addition, if ATC pursues international opportunities, it will be subject to regulations in foreign jurisdictions. Environmental and Health Matters Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, an owner of real estate or a lessee conducting operations thereon may become liable for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of soil and groundwater contaminated by certain hazardous substances or wastes. Certain of such laws impose cleanup responsibility and liability without regard to whether the owner or operator of the real estate or operations thereon knew of or was responsible for the contamination, and whether or not operations at the property have been discontinued or title to the property has been transferred. The owner or operator of contaminated real estate also may be subject to common law claims by third parties based on damages and costs resulting from off-site migration of the contamination. In connection with its former and current ownership or operation of its properties, ATC may be potentially liable for environmental costs such as those discussed above. 12 ATC believes it is in compliance in all material respects with all applicable material environmental laws. ATC has not received any written notice from any governmental authority or third party asserting, and is not otherwise aware of, any material environmental non-compliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous substances or wastes or material environmental laws. However, (i) undetected environmental conditions may exist for which ATC might be liable in the future and (ii) future regulatory action, as well as compliance with future environmental laws, may require ATC to incur costs that could have a material adverse effect on ATC's financial condition and results of operations. ATC and the lessees of antennae sites on its towers are subject to government regulations relating to radio frequency emissions. In recent years, there have been several substantial studies by the scientific community investigating the potential connection between radio frequency emissions and possible negative health effects, including cancer. The results of these studies have, to date, been inconclusive. ATC has not been subject to any claims relating to these emissions, although it is possible that such claims may arise in the future. Because ATC does not maintain any significant insurance with respect to such matters, such claims, if substantiated, could have a material adverse effect on ATC. Competition; New Technologies ATC competes for antennae site customers with wireless carriers that own and operate their own tower networks and lease tower space to other carriers, site development companies that acquire space on existing towers for wireless service providers and manage new tower construction, other national independent tower companies and traditional local independent tower operators. Wireless service providers that own and operate their own tower networks generally are substantially larger and have greater financial and other resources than ATC. ATC believes that tower location and capacity, price, quality of service and density within a geographic market historically have been and will continue to be the most significant competitive factors affecting owners, operators and managers of communications sites. ATC faces strong competition for build to suit opportunities, particularly those with wireless service providers seeking to divest their ownership of towers, principally from other independent communications site operators and site developers. ATC expects such competition to intensify and believes that the terms of such transactions may become significantly less favorable to it and other independent tower owners as a consequence. ATC competes for tower and site acquisitions principally with other independent tower owners and operators. Increased competition may intensify and result in substantially higher prices, particularly for towers being divested by wireless service providers. ATC may not, therefore, be able to complete acquisitions on as favorable terms as in the past. Under certain circumstances, it may also be required to pay higher prices or agree to less favorable terms than it would otherwise have desired. American Tower may also be impeded in its future acquisition activities by antitrust constraints, either in local markets or on a regional or national basis. The emergence of new technologies could reduce the need for tower-based transmission and reception and may, thereby, have a negative impact on ATC's operations. For example, the FCC has granted license applications for several low-earth orbiting satellite systems that are intended to provide mobile voice and/or data services. In November 1998, a company became the first to offer commercially a service intended to provide global satellite phone coverage. Although such systems are highly capital-intensive and do not yet have an extensive commercial record, mobile satellite systems could compete with land- based wireless communications systems, thereby reducing the demand for the infrastructure services provided by ATC. Additionally, the growth in delivery of video services by direct broadcast satellites and the development and implementation of signal combining technologies (which permit one antenna to service two different frequencies of transmission and, thereby, two customers) and satellite-delivery systems may reduce the need for tower-based broadcast transmission. 13 Manufacturing and Raw Materials American Tower builds, maintains and installs land based wireless communication transmitting and receiving facilities by obtaining sheet metal and other raw material parts and components from a variety of vendors. The Company also engages third party contract manufacturers to produce certain of these wireless transmitting and receiving facilities. The Company has historically obtained the majority of its sheet metal and other raw materials from a limited number of suppliers; however, substantially all of these items are available from numerous other suppliers. ATC has not, to date, experienced any significant difficulties in obtaining the needed quantities of materials from suppliers in a timely manner. Employees As of March 1, 1999, ATC employed approximately 975 full time individuals and considers its employee relations to be satisfactory. ITEM 2. PROPERTIES. The Company leases approximately 8,400 square feet of space at 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, which it uses for its corporate headquarters. In addition the Company also leases additional space in Boston, Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston and San Francisco which function as regional operating centers. ATC's interests in its communications sites are comprised of a variety of fee interests, leasehold interests created by long-term lease agreements, private easements and easements, licenses or rights-of-way granted by government entities. In rural areas, a communications site typically consists of a three-to five-acre tract which supports towers, equipment shelters and guy wires to stabilize the structure. Less than 2,500 square feet are required for a self-supporting tower structure of the kind typically used in metropolitan areas. Land leases generally have twenty (20) to twenty-five (25) year terms, with three five-year renewals, or are for five-year terms with automatic renewals unless ATC otherwise specifies. ATC has more than 2,000 land leases. Pursuant to the Credit Facilities, the senior lenders have liens on, among other things, all leases of tower space, contracts relating to the management of towers for others, cash, accounts receivable, the stock and inter-company debt of all Restricted Subsidiaries (as defined in the Credit Facilities), inventory and other personal property, fixtures, intellectual property, as well as certain fee and leasehold interests, and the proceeds thereof of ATC and its Restricted Subsidiaries. ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS. ATC is involved in legal proceedings that arise in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, management, after consultation with counsel, does not expect any pending matters to have a material adverse effect on ATC's financial position, liquidity or results of operations. ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS. No matters were submitted to a vote of the security holders of ATC in the fourth quarter of 1998. ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS. Market Price Data On February 27, 1998, the Class A common stock commenced trading on a "when- issued" basis on the inter-dealer bulletin board of the over-the-counter market. The Class A common stock commenced trading under the symbol AMT on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on June 5, 1998 (the day after ATC separated from 14 American Radio). The following table presents trading information for the Class A common stock for the periods indicated, in such "when issued" market or, since June 5, 1998, on the NYSE.

As of March 15, 1999, there were 394 record holders of the Class A common stock, 75 record holders of the Class B common stock and one record holder of the Class C common stock. ATC has not paid a dividend on any class of common stock and anticipates that it will retain future earnings, if any, to fund the development and growth of its business. It does not anticipate paying cash dividends on shares of common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, substantially all of ATC's subsidiaries are restricted under the Credit Facilities from paying dividends or making distributions and repurchasing, redeeming or otherwise acquiring any shares of common stock. Since ATC has no significant assets other than its ownership of various subsidiaries, substantially all of which are so restricted, its ability to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future is restricted. The Credit Facilities also restrict the payment of cash dividends by ATC. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations--Liquidity and Capital Resources" and Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities. Pursuant to the American Tower Systems Corporation Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 8, 1998, by and among ATC and the Purchasers thereto, ATC consummated an equity financing involving the issuance of an aggregate of 1,350,050 shares of Class A common stock, 4,649,950 shares of Class B common stock and 2,000,000 shares of Class C common stock, each at $10.00 per share, in exchange for $30.6 million in cash and $49.4 million of notes secured by common stock of American Radio having a market value of not less than 175% of the principal amount and accrued and unpaid interest on such notes. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 21, 1997, as amended, by and among ATC, American Tower Systems, Inc., a Delaware corporation (now known as American Towers, Inc., "ATI"), Gearon & Co., Inc., a Georgia corporation ("Gearon") and J. Michael Gearon, Jr., pursuant to which Gearon was merged with and into ATI, with ATI as the surviving corporation, in January 1998 ATC issued an aggregate of 5,333,333 shares of Class A common stock and paid approximately $32.0 million in cash or assumed liabilities for an aggregate agreed upon consideration of approximately $80.0 million. On June 4, 1998, ATC issued in a private placement to institutional investors 300,000 shares of Series A Pay-In-Kind Preferred Stock, $1,000 liquidation preference per share, ("Interim Preferred Stock") pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 4, 1998, by and among ATC, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation and each of the purchasers named therein. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of April 14, 1998, by and among ATC, ATI, Intracoastal Broadcasting, Inc. ("Intracoastal") and the stockholders of Intracoastal, pursuant to which Intracoastal was merged with and into ATI, with ATI as the surviving corporation, in June 1998, ATC issued an aggregate of 720,000 shares of Class A common stock. Pursuant to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of October 16, 1998, by and among ATC, ATI and Wauka Communications, Inc. ("Wauka"), pursuant to which Wauka was merged with and into ATI, with ATI as the surviving corporation. In October 1998, ATC issued an aggregate of 1,430,881 shares of Class A common stock as part of the consideration in the merger. All of the shares referred to in the foregoing paragraphs were issued by ATC in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"). 15 Each holder represented that it was acquiring its shares for investment purposes and not with a view to distribution within the meaning of the Securities Act. The stock certificates issued to all such holders bore restrictive legends. No commission or other remuneration will be paid or given by ATC directly or indirectly in connection with any of the foregoing transactions. ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA The financial data set forth below has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of ATC, certain of which are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The data should be read in conjunction with ATC's audited consolidated financial statements and with "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". Prior to the ATC Separation on June 4, 1998, ATC operated as a subsidiary of American Radio and not as an independent public company. Therefore, the results of operations and the financial condition shown below for such period may be different from what they might have been had ATC operated as a separate, independent public company. The information is also not necessarily indicative of ATC's future results of operations or financial condition. 16 SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (1) (In thousands, except per share data)

- -------- (1) American Towers, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of ATC, was organized on July 17, 1995 and American Radio contributed all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of ATI to ATC on September 24, 1996. The timing of acquisitions of communications sites and related businesses and construction of towers, both of which have been numerous during the period, significantly affect year-to-year comparisons. The principal acquisitions made in 1997 and 1998 are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. 17 (2) Basic and diluted loss per share has been computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during each period presented. Shares outstanding upon consummation of the ATC Separation are assumed to be outstanding for the entire periods prior to June 4, 1998. Shares issuable upon exercise of options have been excluded from the computations as the effect is anti-dilutive. (3) We use the term "Tower Cash Flow" to mean operating income before depreciation and amortization, corporate general and administrative expenses and tower separation expenses . "EBITDA" is used by us to mean operating income before depreciation and amortization and tower separation expenses. "After-tax cash flow" means income (loss) before extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization, less preferred stock dividends. We do not consider Tower Cash Flow, EBITDA and after-tax cash flow as a substitute for alternative measures of operating results or cash flow from operating activities or as a measure of ATC's profitability or liquidity. Although these measures of performance are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), we have included them because they are generally used in the communications site industry as a measure of a company's operating performance. More specifically, we believe they can assist in comparing company performances on a consistent basis without regard to depreciation and amortization. The concern is that depreciation and amortization can vary significantly among companies depending on accounting methods, particularly where acquisitions are involved, or non-operating factors such as historical cost bases. We believe Tower Cash Flow is useful because it enables you to compare tower performances before the effect of expenses (corporate general and administrative) that do not relate directly to such performance. ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS. General This discussion contains "forward-looking statements", including statements concerning projections, plans, objectives, future events or performance and underlying assumptions and other statements which are other than statements of historical fact. Various factors affect ATC's results and could cause ATC's actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward- looking statement. Such factors include: . the outcome of our growth strategy, . future results of operations, . liquidity and capital expenditures, . construction and acquisition activities, . debt levels and the ability to obtain financing and service debt, . competitive conditions in the communications site and wireless carrier industries, . regulatory developments in the communications site and wireless carrier industries, . projected growth of the wireless communications and wireless carrier industries, and . general economic conditions. As ATC was a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Radio during the periods presented through June 4, 1998, the consolidated financial statements may not reflect the results of operations or financial position of ATC had it been an independent public company during those periods. Because of ATC's relatively brief operating history and the large number of recent acquisitions, the following discussion will not necessarily reveal all significant developing or continuing trends. In June 1998, ATC became an independent public company when its parent, American Radio, distributed all of the ATC common stock held by it to American Radio's securityholders in connection with the ATC 18 Separation and merged and became a subsidiary of CBS. ATC remains liable to pay CBS amounts relating to American Radio's tax obligations in the ATC Separation. See the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. ATC was formed in July 1995 to capitalize on the opportunity in the communications site industry. ATC is a leading independent owner and operator of wireless communications towers in the United States. During 1997, its acquisition and construction activity accelerated and ATC acquired or constructed approximately 400 sites (and related site management businesses) and its initial site acquisition and voice, video, data and Internet transmission businesses. During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company acquired various communications sites and businesses for an aggregate preliminary purchase price of approximately $853.8 million, including the issuance of approximately 36.3 million shares of Class A common stock valued at approximately $382.6 million. Since January 1, 1999, ATC has acquired various communications sites and businesses for an aggregate estimated purchase price of approximately $746.0 million, including the issuance of approximately 20.7 million shares of Class A common stock valued (at the time of the relevant agreement) at approximately $454.8 million. Management expects that acquisitions consummated to date will have a material impact on future revenues, expenses and income from operations. In addition, the historical financial information presented below and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K does not reflect the impact of the construction program of ATC to any significant extent because most of that activity is of more recent origin and is expected to accelerate substantially during 1999. Results of Operations Year Ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 (in thousands) As of December 31, 1998, ATC operated approximately 2,300 communications sites, as compared to approximately 700 communications sites as of December 31, 1997. The acquisitions reflected in such growth have significantly affected operations for the year ended December 31, 1998 as compared to the year ended December 31, 1997. See the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the acquisitions consummated in 1998 and 1997.

19 As noted above, ATC consummated numerous acquisitions in 1998 and 1997, many of which were of a material size. Except as explained below, substantially all of the increases indicated in the above table were attributable to the impact of these communications sites and related business acquisitions, principally those that occurred in 1998. Tower rental and management revenues and expenses for the year ended December 31, 1998 include the effects of numerous tower acquisitions which occurred in 1998 and the impact of a full year of operations for the 1997 acquisitions. Tower rental revenues were also impacted by the effects of the Company's ability to secure renewal options on long-term site leasing contracts and obtain rent escalations. Services revenues and expenses for the year ended December 31, 1998 include the operating results of the Gearon site acquisition business (January 1998) and, to a lessor extent, the operating results of two similar businesses (May 1997). For the year ended December 31, 1997, the results included the operating results from a site acquisition business acquired in May 1997. Video, voice, data and Internet transmission revenues and expenses for the year ended December 31, 1998 include the operating results of ATC's first business of this type which was acquired in October 1997 and a Washington, D.C. area teleport business acquired in May 1998. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily attributable to the increase in depreciable and amortizable assets resulting from the 1997 and 1998 acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, construction projects completed in 1998. The tower separation expenses relate primarily to one-time financial advisory, legal, accounting and consent solicitation fees and other expenses incurred in connection with the ATC Separation. The Company may incur additional separation expenses, although, such costs are not expected to be material to the Company's results of operations, liquidity or financial position. The increase in corporate general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to the higher personnel costs associated with supporting ATC's greater number of tower properties and growth strategy. The increase in interest expense related to higher borrowing levels which were used to finance the 1998 and 1997 acquisitions and, to a lesser extent, the 1998 construction projects. The increase in interest income is related to interest earned on invested cash proceeds from ATC's initial underwritten public offering that occurred in July 1998. The minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries represents the elimination of the minority stockholder's earnings of consolidated subsidiaries. The increase is related to increased overall earnings of ATS Needham, LLC, in which ATC held a 50.1% interest until October 1998 at which time it was increased to 80%. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 1998 was approximately 11% compared to approximately 23% for the year ended December 31, 1997. The effective tax rate differs from the statutory rate due to the effect of non-deductible items, principally amortization of goodwill, on certain stock acquisitions for which ATC recorded no tax benefit. The extraordinary loss on the redemption of the Interim Preferred Stock was incurred, net of an income tax benefit of $5.0 million, as a result of certain commitment, deferred financing and redemption fees associated with the Interim Preferred Stock that was redeemed in July 1998. The extraordinary loss on the extinguishment of debt was incurred, net of an income tax benefit of $0.9 million as a result of the write-off of deferred financing fees associated with ATC's previous credit agreements which was refinanced in June 1998. 20 Year Ended December 31, 1997 and 1996 (in thousands) As of December 31, 1997, ATC operated approximately 700 communications sites, as compared to approximately 300 communications sites as of December 31, 1996. See the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of the acquisitions consummated in 1997. These transactions have significantly affected operations for the year ended December 31, 1997 as compared to the year ended December 31, 1996.

As noted above, ATC consummated numerous acquisitions in 1997 and 1996, many of which were of a material size. Except as explained below, substantially all of the increases indicated in the above table were attributable to the impact of these communications sites and related business acquisitions that occurred in 1997. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily attributable to the increase in depreciable and amortizable assets resulting from the 1997 and 1996 acquisitions and, to a substantially lesser extent, completed construction projects. The increase in corporate general and administrative expense was primarily attributable to the higher personnel costs associated with supporting ATC's greater number of tower properties and growth strategy. The increase in interest expense relate to higher borrowing levels which were used to finance the 1997 acquisitions and, to a substantially lesser extent, the 1996 acquisitions. The minority interest in net earnings of subsidiary represents the elimination of the minority stockholder's earnings of consolidated subsidiaries. The increase is related to increased overall earnings of ATS Needham, LLC, in which ATC held a 50.1% interest. The effective tax rate in 1997 was approximately 23%. The effective tax rate is due to the effect of non-deductible items, principally amortization of goodwill, on certain stock acquisitions. In 1996, ATC recorded a 21 tax provision of approximately $45,000 despite a loss before taxes of approximately $434,000. This primarily resulted from non-deductible items, principally amortization of goodwill for which no tax benefit was recorded. The extraordinary loss in 1997 of approximately $0.7 million net of tax, represents the write-off of deferred financing fees associated with ATC's loan agreement. Liquidity and Capital Resources ATC's liquidity needs arise from its acquisition-related activities, debt service, working capital and capital expenditures associated principally with its construction program. As of December 31, 1998 the Company maintained approximately $186.2 million in cash and cash equivalents, working capital of approximately $92.0 million, and had approximately $100 million available under its credit facilities. Historically, ATC has met its operational liquidity needs with internally generated funds and has financed the acquisition of tower related properties and its construction program, including related working capital needs, with a combination of capital funds from sales of its equity securities (including sales prior to the ATC Separation to American Radio) and bank borrowings. For the year ended December 31, 1998, cash flows from operating activities were $18.4 million, as compared to $9.9 million of cash flows from operating activities in 1997. The change is primarily attributable to the favorable cash flow generated from consummated acquisitions in 1997 and 1998. For the year ended December 31, 1998 cash flows used for investing activities were $350.4 million as compared to $216.8 million for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase in 1998 is due to an increase in property and equipment expenditures of approximately $105.8 million coupled with the increase in mergers and acquisitions during 1998 of approximately $24.6 million. For the year ended December 31, 1998 cash flows provided by financing activities were $513.5 million as compared to $209.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1997. The increase in 1998 is due principally to the impact of borrowings under ATC's credit arrangements, and the sale of common stock pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement and the July Offering, offset by the tax payments to CBS, all as discussed below. During the year ended December 31, 1998, ATC had capital expenditures of approximately $126.5 million primarily related to construction activities and completed construction on approximately 500 towers during this period. ATC's 1999 business plan calls for construction of between 1,200 and 1,600 towers at a cost of between $216.0 million and $304.0 million (exclusive of broadcast towers). The actual number of towers built may be outside of that range because of more attractive investment opportunities from acquisitions (in which case it could be less) or significant new build to suit projects with wireless service providers (in which case it could be more). Management believes that ATC has sufficient funds available to it to finance current construction plans, pending acquisitions and several additional major acquisitions and/or construction projects. However, in the unlikely event that ATC were to negotiate more than a limited number of such major transactions, it might require additional financing either through incurring additional debt or the sale of securities. Such financing or sale of securities may not be available on favorable terms. Management expects that the consummated acquisitions and current and future construction activities will have a material impact on liquidity. Management believes that the acquisition activities, once integrated, will have a favorable impact on liquidity and will offset the initial effects of the funding requirements. Management also believes that the construction activities may initially have an adverse effect on the future liquidity of ATC as newly constructed towers will initially decrease overall liquidity. But, as such sites become fully operational and achieve higher utilization, they should generate cash flow, and in the long-term, increase liquidity. Redeemable Common Stock: In June 1998, the Company merged with a company owning a broadcasting tower in the Boston, Massachusetts area and issued 720,000 shares of Class A common stock valued at approximately $18.0 million to close the transaction. In addition, under a put agreement that was consummated in connection with the merger, the sellers have the right to require the Company to purchase, at any time prior to June 5, 1999, any or all shares of Class A common stock received pursuant to consummation of the merger for a purchase price equal to the then current market price. In connection with the July offering described below, the 22 sellers sold 383,750 of the 720,000 shares reducing the Company's overall redemption obligation. Accordingly, the remaining 336,250 shares have been recorded as redeemable Class A common stock in the consolidated financial statements based on the December 31, 1998 fair market value of $29.5625 per share. Credit Facilities: In June 1998, ATC and its subsidiaries entered into definitive agreements with respect to new and increased credit arrangements. In connection with repayment of borrowings under the prior credit agreement out of proceeds of borrowings under the new credit agreements, ATC recognized an extraordinary loss of approximately $1.4 million, net of a tax benefit of $0.9 million, during the second quarter of 1998. As of December 31, 1998, ATC had approximately $281.1 million of long-term debt, of which $275.0 million was outstanding in the form of term loans and revolving credit facilities. See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the credit facilities. Debt service requires a substantial portion of ATC's cash flow from operations. Accordingly, ATC's leverage could make it vulnerable to a downturn in the operating performance of its tower properties or in economic conditions. ATC believes that its cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet its debt service requirements for interest and scheduled payments of principal under the Credit Facilities. If such cash flow were not sufficient to meet such debt service requirements, ATC might sell equity securities, refinance its obligations or dispose of one or more of its properties in order to make such scheduled payments. ATC may not be able to effect any of such transactions on favorable terms. ATC believes that it has sufficient financial resources available to it, including borrowings under its credit facilities, to finance operations for the foreseeable future. ATC Separation: As part of the ATC Separation, ATC entered into an agreement with CBS (the "Separation Agreement"). The Separation Agreement requires ATC to reimburse CBS on a "make-whole" (after-tax) basis for the tax liabilities incurred by ARS attributable to the distribution of the common stock owned by ARS to its securityholders and certain related transactions, to the extent that the aggregate amount of taxes required to be paid by ARS exceeded $20.0 million. The amount of that tax liability was dependent on the "fair market value" of the common stock at the time of the consummation of the ATC Separation. ATC received an appraisal from an independent appraisal firm that the "fair market value" of ARS's stock interest in ATC was equal to $17.25 per share. Based on such appraisal, ARS paid estimated taxes of approximately $212.0 million, for which ATC reimbursed CBS. ATC's reimbursement obligation with respect to such taxes would change by approximately $21.0 million for each $1.00 change in the "fair market value" of the Class A common stock under the tax reporting method followed. The average of the high and low trading prices of the Class A common stock in the when-issued over-the-counter market on June 4, 1998 was $20.50. In connection with an inter-corporate taxable transfer of assets entered into in January 1998 by ATC in contemplation of the separation of ATC and ARS, a portion of the tax with respect to which ATC was obligated to indemnify CBS has been incurred. Such transfer resulted in an increase in the tax bases of ATC's assets of approximately $390.0 million. ATC recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $150.2 million and will have potential depreciation and amortization deductions over the next 15 years. The $212.0 million payment did not include all the taxes payable with respect to the shares of Class A common stock deliverable upon conversion of the ARS convertible securities; such taxes will be based on the "fair market value" of the Class A common stock at the time of conversion. As of December 31, 1998, ATC estimates that its reimbursement obligation with respect to taxes on known conversions was approximately $13.5 million, of which $8.5 million has already been paid. ATC estimates that its remaining reimbursement obligation with respect to the taxes on convertible securities that had not then been converted would be approximately $19.1 million under the tax reporting method followed based on an estimated fair market value of Class A common stock of $28.75 per share. ATC's obligation for such conversions would change by approximately $1.1 million for each $1.00 change in fair market value. The Separation Agreement also provided for closing balance sheet adjustments based on the working capital, as defined, and debt levels of ARS as of June 4, 1998. In February 1999, ATC paid CBS $50.0 million in settlement of all amounts due with respect to such adjustments, including interest. Such liability was accrued in the Company's December 31, 1998 consolidated financial statements. ATC also agreed to indemnify CBS and ARS with respect to certain tax matters affecting ARS prior to the ATC Separation. 23 ATC Preferred Stock Offering: On June 4, 1998, ATC issued $300.0 million of Interim Preferred Stock and used the proceeds to fund its tax reimbursement obligation to CBS, to pay the commitment and other fees and expenses of the issue and sale of such stock and to reduce bank borrowings. As discussed below, ATC redeemed the Interim Preferred Stock on July 9, 1998. As a result, American Tower incurred an extraordinary loss of approximately $7.5 million, net of a tax benefit of $5.0 million, during the third quarter of 1998 representing the write-off of certain commitment, deferred financing and redemption fees. July Offering: On July 8, 1998, American Tower completed a public offering (the "July Offering"') of 27,861,987 shares of Class A common stock, $.01 par value per share (including 2,361,987 shares sold by American Tower pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option) at $23.50 per share. Certain selling stockholders sold an additional 3,874,911 shares in the offering. American Tower's net proceeds of the offering (after deduction of the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses) were approximately $625.0 million. American Tower used approximately $306.1 million of the net proceeds from the offering to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Interim Preferred Stock at a price of 101% of the stock's liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends. ATC invested the balance in short-term investment grade securities. ATC will continue to use such investments together with borrowings under the Credit Facilities to fund acquisitions and construction activities. February Offering: On February 9, 1999, American Tower completed a public offering (the "February Offering") of 25,700,000 shares of Class A common stock, $.01 par value per share (including 1,700,000 shares sold by American Tower pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option) at $25.00 per share. Certain selling stockholders sold an additional 1,300,000 shares in the offering. American Tower's net proceeds of the offering (after deduction of the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses) were approximately $619.3 million. American Tower invested the proceeds in short-term investment grade securities. ATC will continue to use such investments together with borrowings under its credit facilities to fund acquisitions and construction activities. February Private Placement: On February 9, 1999, American Tower consummated the sale (the "February Private Placement") of 500,000 shares of Class A common stock to Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation at $26.31 per share, the closing price of the Class A common stock on the NYSE on February 4, 1999, the date the stock purchase agreement was executed. In connection with such sale, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation was granted certain registration rights. American Tower invested the proceeds of approximately $13.2 million in short-term investment grade securities. ATC will continue to use such investments together with borrowings under the Credit Facilities to fund acquisitions and construction activities. Year 2000 The Company is aware of the issues associated with the year 2000 as it relates to information systems and is working to resolve any potential impact to the Company's operations. The year 2000 issue results from the fact that many computer programs use only two digits to identify a year in the date field. These programs were designed and developed without consideration of the impact of the upcoming change in century. If not corrected, companies could have computer applications that fail or produce erroneous results at or before the year 2000. In December 1998, ATC engaged outside consultants to help it conduct an extensive review and implement a comprehensive plan to reduce the probability of operational difficulties due to year 2000 issues. The comprehensive plan consists of the following phases: (1) awareness phase-- identification of the problem and designing a structure to support the year 2000 efforts; (2) definition of critical processes and systems--a process to identify those activities critical to the Company and focus the efforts of year 2000 activities; (3) assessment phase--inventory the Company's systems, software and equipment, assessing whether they are year 2000 compliant, prioritizing those systems, software and equipment not compliant and developing action plans for remediation and or replacement of non-compliant systems, software and equipment; (4) renovation phase--converting, replacing or retiring non- compliant systems, software and equipment; (5) validation phase--testing converted or replaced systems; (6) implementation phase--place converted or replaced systems into operations; and (7) contingency planning phase--building a backup plan to be used in the event that the renovation plan 24 cannot be accomplished. This phase will also include planning for year 2000 induced information systems failures on core business processes. The Company's plan considers both its primary information systems (financial systems software, network software and equipment, personal computers, etc.) and other technology and software dependent upon embedded systems (tower equipment, telephone systems, security systems, etc.) The Company has completed phases 1 and 2 and is in the process of completing the assessment phase (phase 3) for both its primary information systems and its other systems and equipment with embedded software. The assessment phase is expected to be completed in April 1999. Completion of all phases of the Company's year 2000 plan is expected in the third quarter of 1999. The Company did not incur significant costs in 1998 related to developing and implementing its year 2000 comprehensive plan. The remaining costs necessary to complete full implementation of the plan, including the validation and implementation phases, is estimated to be between $0.5 million and $1.5 million. Although there can be no assurance that the Company will successfully complete implementation of its year 2000 comprehensive plan, the project is currently progressing in accordance with timetables established by the Company. Although failure to complete implementation on a timely basis may have material adverse financial and operational impacts on the Company, the Company believes such failure is not reasonably likely. The possible effects of unsuccessful implementation of the comprehensive plan include the following: (i) an inability to process transactions, (ii) a temporary inability to order supplies or materials, (iii) a temporary inability to timely process orders and billings, and (iv) a temporary inability to deliver quality products and services to customers. The Company's business is dependent upon the systems of various third parties. With regard to these vendors, the Company is in the process of assessing their year 2000 readiness based upon communications with each such vendor. The assessment is expected to be ongoing. The Company believes that a material financial or business risk could occur if the financial institutions serving the Company or the Company's utility providers have year 2000 induced failures. The Company believes that its most reasonably likely worst case result relating to year 2000 would be the failure of certain of its systems with embedded software, or failure of third party systems on which the Company's systems rely. Failure of systems or equipment with embedded software within the Company's VVDI segment could result in temporary disruption to that aspect of the Company's operations. Although there can be no assurance that these failures would not have an adverse effect on the Company's business, the Company believes the effect of such failure would not be material to its business. If the VVDI operations were inoperable for a one week period due to year 2000 failures, the estimated lost revenue would be approximately $0.4 million. Within its TRM business segment, computer-controlled devices, such as those found in automatic monitoring and control systems used for antenna structure lighting, are vulnerable to year 2000 related malfunctions and may fail, which would create a hazard to air navigation. Tower owners, such as ATC, are responsible for tower lighting in compliance with FCC and FAA requirements and ATC intends to take the necessary steps to address the year 2000 problems, however, ATC may not be entirely successful. Currently there are no contingency plans for the potential problems noted above with the third party vendors, embedded software and lighting systems, however, ATC has implemented a contingency planning phase as part of its year 2000 plan. The contingency planning phase is estimated to be completed in June 1999. Recent Accounting Pronouncement In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities". This Statement establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. It requires that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities in the statement of financial position, and measure those instruments at 25 fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of a derivative (that is, gains and losses) will depend on the entity's intended use of the derivative and its resulting designation (as defined in the Statement). FAS No. 133 will be effective for all fiscal quarters of all fiscal years beginning after June 15, 1999. ATC is currently in the process of evaluating the impact FAS No. 133 will have on the Company and its consolidated financial statements. ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK. The Company is exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on long-term debt obligations that impact the fair value of these obligations. ATC attempts to reduce these risks by utilizing derivative financial instruments, namely interest rate caps and swaps, pursuant to Company policies. All derivative financial instruments are for purposes other than trading. The following table provides information as of December 31, 1998, about the Company's market risk exposure associated with changing interest rates. For long-term debt obligations, the table presents principal cash flows and related average interest rates by contractual maturity dates. For interest rate caps and swaps, the table presents notional principal amounts and weighted-average interest rates by contractual maturity dates. Principal Payments (In Thousands) and Interest Rate Detail by Contractual Maturity Dates

- -------- (a) Long-term debt consists of the Company's Credit Facilities (see the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements), which provide for total available credit of $925.0 million. Interest on the Credit Facilities is payable in accordance with the applicable London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) agreement or quarterly, and accrues, at the Company's option, either at the LIBOR plus margin (as defined) or the Base Rate plus margin (as defined). The interest rate in effect at December 31, 1998 for the Company's term loan and the Borrower Subsidiaries term loan and revolving credit facility was 8.71% and 7.30%, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, the weighted average interest rate of the Credit Facilities was 7.7%, 7.4% and 8.75%, respectively. (b) Variable Rate (VR) based on LIBOR or Base Rate plus margin as defined in the Credit Facilities Agreement. (c) Represents the weighted-average-fixed rate of interest based on contract notional amount as a percentage of total notional amounts in a given year. (d) Includes notional amount of $7,340 which will expire in January 2001. 26 (e) Includes notional amount of $7,000 which will expire in November 1999. (f) Includes notional amounts of $21,500, $23,750 and $21,610 which will expire in January, April and July, 2000, respectively. (g) Includes notional amount of $17,550 which will expire in June 2003. American Tower maintains a portion of its cash and cash equivalents in short-term financial instruments which are subject to interest rate risks. Due to the relatively short duration of such instruments and the Company's expectation that such investments will not be significant on an ongoing basis, fluctuations in interest rates with respect to such investments should not materially affect ATC's financial condition or results of operations. ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA. See Item 14(a). ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE. Not Applicable. ITEM 10. DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT. The following table sets forth certain information concerning the executive officers and directors of ATC:

- -------- (1) Member of the Executive Committee; Mr. Stoner is the Chairman of the Executive Committee. (2) Member of the Audit Committee; Mr. Mays is the Chairman of the Audit Committee. (3) Member of the Compensation Committee; Mr. Stoner is the Chairman of the Compensation Committee. Two independent directors will be elected annually, commencing in 1999, by the holders of Class A common stock, voting as a separate class. All directors hold office until the annual meeting of the stockholders of ATC next following their election or until their successors are elected and qualified. Each executive officer is appointed annually and serves at the discretion of the ATC Board of Directors (the "ATC Board"). Steven B. Dodge is the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of ATC. Mr. Dodge was also the Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of American Radio, a position he occupied since its founding on November 1, 1993 until consummation of the ATC Separation. Mr. Dodge was the founder in 1988 of Atlantic Radio, L.P. ("Atlantic") which was one of the predecessor entities of American Radio. Prior to forming Atlantic, Mr. Dodge served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of American Cablesystems Corporation ("American Cablesystems"), a cable television company he founded in 1978 and 27 operated as a privately-held company until 1986 when it completed a public offering in which its stock was priced at $14.50 per share. American Cablesystems was merged into Continental Cablevision, Inc. in 1988 in a transaction valued at more than $750.0 million, or $46.50 per share. The initial public offering of American Radio Class A common stock occurred in June 1995 at a price of $16.50 per share. Upon consummation of the ATC Separation, each share of American Radio Class A common stock was exchanged into $44.00 and one share of Class A common stock. Mr. Dodge also serves as a director of PageMart Wireless, Inc. Alan L. Box is an Executive Vice President and a director of ATC. Mr. Box served as Chief Operating Officer of ATC from June 1997 to March 1998, at which time he assumed his present role as the Executive Vice President responsible for the video, voice, data and Internet transmission business of ATC. Mr. Box also was an Executive Vice President and a director of American Radio from April 1997, when EZ Communications, Inc. ("EZ") merged into American Radio (the "EZ Merger"), until consummation of the ATC Separation. Prior to the EZ Merger, Mr. Box was employed by EZ, starting in 1974, as the General Manager of EZ's Washington, D.C. area radio station. He became Executive Vice President and General Manager and a director of EZ in 1979, President of EZ in 1985 and Chief Executive Officer of EZ in 1995. He serves as a director of George Mason Bankshares, Inc. and George Mason Bank. Arnold L. Chavkin is a member of the Executive Committee, the Audit Committee and the Compensation Committee of the ATC Board. Mr. Chavkin was the Chairman of the Audit Committee of the Board of American Radio from its founding until consummation of the ATC Separation and of the Audit Committee of ATC from November 1997 until November 1998. Mr. Chavkin is a general partner of Chase Capital Partners ("CCP"), which is a general partner of Chase Equity Associates, L.P. ("CEA"), a stockholder of ATC, and a former principal stockholder of American Radio and of Multi Market Communications, Inc., one of the predecessors of American Radio. Mr. Chavkin has been a General Partner of CCP and CVP since January 1992 and has served as the President of Chemical Investments, Inc. since March 1991. Chase Manhattan Capital, L.P. ("Chase Capital"), which is an affiliate of CEA, owned approximately 18.1% of Old ATC; The Chase Manhattan Bank ("Chase"), which is also an affiliate of Chase Capital, is a lender under the Credit Facilities for the Borrower Subsidiaries with a 5.2% participation. Mr. Chavkin is also a director of R&B Falcon Drilling Corporation, Wireless One, Inc. and Patina Oil & Gas Corporation. Prior to joining Chemical Investments, Inc., Mr. Chavkin was a specialist in investment and merchant banking at Chemical Bank for six years. James S. Eisenstein is the Executive Vice President--Corporate Development of ATC. Mr. Eisenstein has overall responsibility for seeking out acquisition and development opportunities for ATC. Mr. Eisenstein helped form ATC in the summer of 1995. From 1990 to 1995, he was Chief Operating Officer for Amaturo Group Ltd., a broadcast company operating 11 radio stations and four broadcasting towers, several of which were purchased by American Radio. Mr. Eisenstein serves on the Board of Directors of the Personal Communications Industry Association, the leading international trade association representing the wireless communications industry. He has extensive experience in structuring acquisitions and the operation and management of broadcasting and tower businesses. Dean H. Eisner, a director of ATC, has since May 1995 served as Vice President, Business Development and Planning of Cox Enterprises, Inc., an affiliate of Cox Telecom Towers, Inc., the former principal member of TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. ("TeleCom"). Prior to that he served as Treasurer of Cox Enterprises, Inc. starting in January 1993, and Managing Director, International Development, starting in February 1992. Jack D. Furst, a director of ATC, was Chairman of OmniAmerica Inc. and, since 1989, has been a Partner of Hicks, Muse, Tate & Furst, Incorporated, an affiliate of OmniAmerica Inc.'s former principal stockholder ("Hicks, Muse"). Mr. Furst currently serves as a Director of Cooperative Computing, Inc., Hedstrom Corp., International Wire Holding Company, Viasystems, Inc., Home Interiors & Gifts, Inc. and Triton Energy Limited. J. Michael Gearon, Jr. was the principal stockholder and Chief Executive Officer of Gearon, a position he has held since September 1991. As a condition to consummation of the Gearon Transaction, Mr. Gearon was elected a director of ATC and President of Gearon Communications, the division of ATC which operates its site acquisition business. 28 Fred R. Lummis, a member of the Audit Committee of the ATC Board, has served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Advantage Outdoor Company, L.P. since the consummation of the merger with American Tower Corporation, an unaffiliated company that was merged with ATC in June 1998 ("Old ATC") and served as Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and President of Old ATC from the time of its organization in October 1994 until June 1998. Mr. Lummis has been the President of Summit Capital, a private investment firm, since June 1990. Mr. Lummis currently serves on the board of several private companies and is a trustee of the Baylor College of Medicine. Randall Mays, Chairman of the Audit Committee of the ATC Board, has served as Chief Financial Officer and Executive Vice President of Clear Channel since February 1997, prior to which he had served as a Vice President and Treasurer since joining Clear Channel in 1993. Prior to joining Clear Channel, he was an associate at Goldman, Sachs & Co. Clear Channel was a principal stockholder of Old ATC with a 31.3% interest. Steven J. Moskowitz is the Executive Vice President--Marketing and General Manager of the Northeast Region of ATC. Mr. Moskowitz joined ATC in January 1998, initially as a Vice President and General Manager of the Northeast Region, and assumed his current position in March 1999. From 1989 until December 1997, Mr. Moskowitz served as a Vice President of The Katz Media Group, the largest broadcast media representation firm in the U.S. Thomas H. Stoner is the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Compensation Committee of the ATC Board. Mr. Stoner was the Chairman of the Executive Committee and the Compensation Committee of the Board of American Radio since its founding until consummation of the ATC Separation. Mr. Stoner founded Stoner Broadcasting Systems, Inc. ("Stoner") in 1965. Stoner, which was one of the predecessors of American Radio, operated radio stations for over 25 years in large, medium and small markets. Mr. Stoner is a director of Gaylord Container Corporation and a trustee of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation. Douglas Wiest is the Chief Operating Officer of ATC. Mr. Wiest joined ATC in February 1998, initially as the Chief Operating Officer of Gearon Communications, and assumed his current position in March 1998. Prior to joining ATC, Mr. Wiest was Regional Vice President of Engineering and Operations for Nextel's southern region. Prior to joining Nextel in 1993, Mr. Wiest was employed by McCaw Communications where he was engaged in network systems development for approximately three years and by Pacific Telesis where he was engaged in strategic planning and operations for approximately eight years. Maggie Wilderotter is a member of the Compensation Committee of the ATC Board. Ms. Wilderotter is the President and Chief Executive Officer of Wink Communications ("Wink"), a California company that develops technology for adding simple interactivity and graphics to mass-market consumer electronic products. Before joining Wink, Ms. Wilderotter was the Executive Vice President of National Operations for AT&T Wireless Services, Inc., and Chief Executive Officer of AT&T's Aviation Communications Division. Ms. Wilderotter has also served as Senior Vice President of McCaw Cellular Communications, Inc. and Regional President of its California, Arizona, New Mexico, Nevada and Hawaii Region. Prior to her work in the wireless industry, Ms. Wilderotter spent 12 years with U.S. Computer Services, Inc./Cable Data, as Senior Vice President and General Manager. In 1989 she was the recipient of the National Cable Television Association's Vanguard Award and the Top Women in Cable & Telecommunications award. Ms. Wilderotter serves on the boards of Airborne Express, Electric Lightwave, Inc., Gaylord Entertainment, Jacor Communications and the California Cable Television Association. Joseph L. Winn is the Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of ATC. Mr. Winn was also Treasurer, Chief Financial Officer and a director of American Radio since its founding until consummation of the ATC Separation. In addition to serving as Chief Financial Officer of American Radio, Mr. Winn was Co-Chief Operating Officer responsible for Boston operations until May 1994. Mr. Winn served as Chief Financial Officer and a director of the general partner of Atlantic after its organization. He also served as Executive Vice President of the general partner of Atlantic from its organization until June 1992, and as its President from June 1992 until the organization of American Radio. Prior to joining Atlantic, Mr. Winn served as Senior Vice President and Corporate Controller of American Cablesystems after joining that company in 1983. 29 ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION. All of the executive officers of ATC listed below (other than Messrs. Eisenstein, Gearon and Wiest) were employees of American Radio (or, in the case of Mr. Box, of EZ prior to the EZ Merger) since the organization of ATC in 1995 until the ATC Separation. During that period the highest paid executive officers, other than Mr. Dodge, who are employees of ATC, were Messrs. Box, Eisenstein, Gearon, Wiest and Winn. The compensation of each of those individuals (other than Messrs. Eisenstein, Gearon and Wiest) was principally for acting as an executive officer of American Radio (or, in the case of Mr. Box, EZ prior to the EZ Merger) and, accordingly, information provided with respect to their executive compensation represents compensation paid by American Radio (with the exception of Messrs. Eisenstein, Gearon and Wiest). Summary Compensation Table

- -------- (1) Represents both annual and long-term compensation paid by American Radio and American Tower. (2) The Compensation Committee of ATC approved annual base salaries for 1998 for Mr. Dodge, and each of its other five executive officers, at the following rates: Mr. Dodge: $250,000; Mr. Box: $50,000; Mr. Eisenstein $200,000; Mr. Gearon: $200,000; Mr. Wiest: $225,000; and Mr. Winn: $225,000. Such salaries commenced (in the case of Messrs. Dodge, Winn and Eisenstein) with the consummation of the ATC Separation on June 4, 1998, prior to which time such individuals (other than Mr. Eisenstein) were paid by American Radio at their then present compensation rates. (3) Includes American Radio's matching 401(k) plan contributions. (4) Includes American Radio and American Tower matching 401(k) plan contributions. (5) Includes American Tower matching 401(k) plan contributions. (6) Includes $87,500 paid by ATC commencing October 1, 1997. (7) Except in the case of Mr. Eisenstein, represents for the years 1996 and 1997 options to purchase American Radio common stock granted by American Radio; such options, to the extent they were unexercised at the time of the ATC Separation, were exchanged for options to purchase shares of common stock on the basis and for the numbers shown under "--Stock Option Information" below. In the case of Mr. Eisenstein, does not include options granted in 1996 to purchase 40,000 shares of ARS common stock by American Radio that were similarly exchanged. 30 (8) Represents options issued in exchange for options to purchase shares of ATI granted pursuant to the ATI plan that were exchanged as part of the ATC Separation for options to purchase shares of Class A common stock. See Note (7) above for information with respect to options to purchase ARS common stock that are not reflected in Mr. Eisenstein's 1996 numbers. (9) Includes group term life insurance, automobile lease and parking expenses paid by American Radio and American Tower. (10) Includes group term insurance and automobile expense paid by American Tower. (11) Includes group term life insurance paid by American Tower. (12) Includes group term life insurance paid by American Radio. (13) Mr. Eisenstein also received a $1,022,366 demand loan in August 1998. In December 1998, Mr. Eisenstein repaid $700,000, and as of December 31, 1998, such loan bore interest at a fixed rate and remained outstanding in the principal amount of $322,366. Director Compensation The independent directors of ATC have received options to purchase 50,000 shares of Class A common stock, which are exercisable in 20% cumulative annual increments commencing one year from the date of grant and expire at the end of ten years. The outside directors also receive $2,500 for attending each board meeting, $1,000 for each committee on which he or she serves, and $3,000 for each committee on which he or she serves as chairperson. Stock Option Information Effective November 5, 1997, ATC instituted the 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated (the "Plan"), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the ATC Board. The Plan was designed to encourage directors, consultants and key employees of American Tower and its subsidiaries to continue their association with ATC by providing opportunities for such persons to participate in the ownership of ATC and in its future growth through the granting of stock options, which may be options designed to qualify as incentive stock options ("ISOs") within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), or options not intended to qualify for any special tax treatment under the Code ("NQOs"). The Plan provides that ATC may not grant options to purchase more than 5,000,000 shares per year per participant. The duration of the ISOs and NQOs granted under the Plan may be specified by the Compensation Committee pursuant to each respective option agreement, but in no event shall any such option be exercisable after the expiration of ten (10) years after the date of grant. In the case of any employee who owns (or is considered under Section 424(d) of the Code as owning) stock possessing more than ten percent of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of ATC, no ISO shall be exercisable after the expiration of five (5) years from the date such option is granted. The option pool under the Plan consists of an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of common stock that may consist of shares of Class A common stock, shares of Class B common stock or some combination thereof. The Plan was amended in June 1998 to provide that all future grants of options under the Plan must be to purchase shares of Class A common stock. The Plan includes options that were converted from the stock option plan of ATI. In July 1996, ATI adopted a stock option plan and, pursuant thereto, options were granted to various officers of ATI. In connection with the ATC Separation, those options to purchase the common stock of ATI were converted into options to acquire shares of Class A common stock under the Plan. In addition to the 15,000,000 shares authorized under the Plan, options to purchase an aggregate of 2,168,466 shares of common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 1998 outside of the Plan. These options are the result of the exchange of certain American Radio options that occurred pursuant to the ATC Separation and the assumption of certain options that occurred pursuant to the merger with Old ATC. Each unexercised option to purchase shares of American Radio common stock held by persons who became directors or employees of ATC were exchanged for ATC options. The American Radio options were exchanged in a manner that 31 preserved the spread in such American Radio options between the option exercise price and the fair market value of American Radio common stock and the ratio of the spread to the exercise price prior to such conversion and, to the extent applicable, otherwise in conformity with the rules under Section 424(a) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. During the year ended December 31, 1998 the only options granted pursuant to the Plan to the individuals referred to in "--Executive Compensation" above were as shown below. All such options (other than that for 1,700,000 shares of Class B common stock granted to Mr. Dodge) are to purchase shares of Class A common stock. Option Grants in 1998 Individual Grants

- -------- (a) The total number of options granted to employees of ATC during 1998 pursuant to the Plan was 8,371,700. (b) The potential realizable value at assumed annual rates of stock price appreciation for the option term of 5% and 10% would be $16.29 and $25.94 respectively, with respect to the $10.00 per share options, $34.42 and $54.81, respectively, with respect to the $21.125 per share options and $21.18 and $33.72 respectively, with respect to the $13.00 per share options and $38.69 and $61.60, respectively, with respect to the $23.75 per share option. A 5% and 10% per year appreciation in stock price from $10.00 per share yields appreciation of $6.29 per share and $15.94 per share, respectively. A 5% and 10% per year appreciation in stock price from $21.125 per share yields appreciation of $13.29 per share and $33.68 per share, respectively. A 5% and 10% per year appreciation in stock price from $13.00 per share yields appreciation of $8.18 per share and $20.72 per share, respectively. A 5% and 10% per year appreciation in stock price from $23.75 per share yields appreciation of $14.94 per share and $37.85 per share, respectively. The actual value realized, if any, will depend on the excess of the stock price over the exercise price on the date the option is exercised, so that there is no assurance the value realized by an executive will be at or near the amounts reflected in this table. 32 The unexercised options granted pursuant to the Plan (or outstanding with respect to options granted under the American Radio plan or the ATI plan) to the individuals referred to in "--Executive Compensation" were as follows:

- -------- (a) Based on the closing price of the Class A common stock on the NYSE on December 31, 1998 of $29.56 per share. All employees of American Radio who became employees of ATC (which includes, among others, Messrs. Box, Dodge, Eisenstein and Winn) who held options to purchase American Radio common stock (including Mr. Box: 100,000 shares; Mr. Dodge: 290,000 shares; Mr. Eisenstein: 40,000 shares; and Mr. Winn: 280,000 shares) were given the opportunity to convert their American Radio options into ATC options. Such conversion was effectuated upon consummation of the ATC Separation in a manner designed to preserve the spread in such American Radio options between the option exercise price and the fair market value of American Radio common stock and the ratio of the spread to the exercise price prior to such conversion and, to the extent applicable, otherwise in conformity with the rules under Section 424(a) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder. Messrs. Box, Dodge, Eisenstein and Winn exercised their respective rights to exchange American Radio options for ATC options such that such individuals hold ATC options as follows (based on a $64 7/8 and $20 7/8 per share value for the American Radio common stock and ATC common stock, respectively): Mr. Box: 310,778 shares of Class A common stock at $8.77 per share; Mr. Dodge: an aggregate of 901,257 shares of Class B common stock at prices ranging between $3.19 and $10.00 per share; Mr. Eisenstein: 124,311 shares of Class B common stock at $7.64 per share; and Mr. Winn: an aggregate of 405,037 shares of Class B common stock and 25,080 shares of Class A common stock at prices ranging between $2.05 and $9.09 per share. See "Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" below. In 1996 Mr. Eisenstein was granted options pursuant to the ATI plan for an aggregate of 200,000 shares at $5.00 per share. Such options became exercisable to the extent of 80,000 shares on July 1, 1997 and became exercisable in 20% cumulative annual increments commencing on July 1, 1998, and expires September 9, 2006. As part of the ATC Separation, the ATI options were exchanged for ATC options, and Mr. Eisenstein received options to purchase 273,117 shares of Class A common stock at $3.66 per share, of which 163,871 shares are presently purchasable. An additional ten-year option to purchase 20,000 shares of common stock of ATI at $7.50 per share was granted to Mr. Eisenstein on January 2, 1997. Pursuant to the ATC Separation, that option was exchanged for an ATC option to purchase 27,311 of shares of Class A common stock at $5.49 per share, of which 5,462 shares are presently purchasable. Employment Agreements J. Michael Gearon, Jr. and Douglas Wiest are the only executive officers that have employment agreements with ATC. Mr. Gearon entered into his employment agreement in connection with the closing of the Gearon Transaction. Such employment agreement is for an initial term ending December 31, 2000 and is thereafter renewable for successive one year periods. It provides that Mr. Gearon shall receive an annual base salary of $200,000 and shall be eligible to participate in ATC's stock option plan and other benefits. Mr. Wiest's employment agreement provides for a lump sum cash payment of $350,000, or 1.5 times Mr. Wiest's salary, if Mr. Wiest's employment is terminated (except for cause) within five years of the date of the employment 33 agreement (April 13, 1998). It also provides that under certain circumstance if ATC is sold within such five year period then Mr. Wiest would be entitled to the accelerated vesting of any options he held at such time. Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation Mr. Stoner (and certain members of his family) and an affiliate of Mr. Chavkin purchased Class A common stock in the ATC Private Placement. Also Chase, an entity related to CEA, an affiliate of Mr. Chavkin, has been a lender to ATC and is a lender under the Credit Facilities. Each of these matters is explained below under "Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions" below. ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT The following information sets forth certain information known to ATC as of March 15, 1999 with respect to the shares of common stock that are beneficially owned as of such date by (i) each person known by ATC to own more than 5% of the outstanding common stock (ii) each director of ATC, (iii) each executive officer of ATC, and (iv) all directors and executive officers of ATC as a group. The number of shares beneficially owned by each director or executive officer is determined according to the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership includes any shares as to which the individual or entity has sole or shared voting power or investment power and also any shares which the individual or entity has the right to acquire within sixty days of March 15, 1999 through the exercise of an option, conversion feature or similar right. Except as noted below, each holder has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of Common Stock listed as owned by such person or entity.

- -------- * Less than 1%. (1) Mr. Dodge is Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 10,030 shares of Class A common stock and 3,567,761 shares of Class B common stock owned by Mr. Dodge, an aggregate of 25,050 shares of Class A Common Stock and 28,065 shares of Class B common stock owned by three trusts for the benefit of 34 Mr. Dodge's children, 66,720 shares of Class A common stock and 2,000,000 shares of Class B common stock owned by a limited liability company, of which Mr. Dodge is the sole member and 5,000 shares of Class A common stock owned by Mr. Dodge's wife. Mr. Dodge disclaims beneficial ownership in all shares owned by such trusts and his wife. Does not include an aggregate of 329,423 shares of Class B common stock purchasable under ATC options received in exchange for American Radio options upon consummation of the ATC Separation; includes an aggregate of 571,834 shares of Class B common stock as to which such exchanged options are exercisable. Does not include 1,360,000 shares of Class B common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan and 1,300,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 300,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 340,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. Does not include 170 shares of Class A common stock held by Thomas S. Dodge, an adult child of Mr. Dodge, with respect to which Mr. Dodge disclaims beneficial ownership. (2) Mr. Stoner is Chairman of the Executive Committee of the ATC Board of Directors. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 46,311 shares of Class B common stock owned by his wife, an aggregate of 1,316,285 shares of Class B common stock and 22,500 shares of Class A common stock owned by trusts of which he and/or certain other persons are trustees, and 96,988 shares of Class B common stock owned by a charitable foundation, of which Mr. Stoner serves as an officer. Mr. Stoner disclaims beneficial ownership of 318,853 shares of Class B common stock and 22,500 shares of Class A common stock owned by the charitable foundation and such trusts. Does not include 100,675 shares of Class A common stock and 63,629 shares of Class B common stock owned by Mr. Stoner's adult children. Does not include 9,323 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an ATC option received in exchange for an American Radio option upon consummation of the ATC Separation; includes 6,216 shares of Class A common stock as to which such exchanged option is exercisable. Does not include 20,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 5,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (3) Mr. Box is a director and an Executive Vice President of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 848,858 shares of Class A common stock owned by Mr. Box, 2,070 shares of Class A common stock owned by two trusts for the benefit of Mr. Box's children and 124,312 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under ATC options received in exchange for American Radio options upon consummation of the ATC Separation; does not include 186,466 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under such exchanged options. Does not include 96,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan, 80,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 24,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (4) Mr. Chavkin is a director of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Mr. Chavkin, as a general partner of CCP, which is the general partner of CEA may be deemed to own beneficially shares held by CEA and Chase Capital, an affiliate of Mr. Chavkin. Includes 21,719 shares of Class A common stock and 2,422,804 shares of Class C common stock owned by CEA and 3,829,969 shares of Class A common stock owned by Chase Capital. Mr. Chavkin disclaims such beneficial ownership of such shares. The address of CCP and CEA is 380 Madison Avenue, 12th Floor, New York, New York 10017. Does not include 9,323 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an ATC option received in exchange for an American Radio option upon consummation of the ATC Separation; includes 6,216 shares of Class A common stock as to which such exchanged option is exercisable. Does not include 20,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 5,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (5) Mr. Eisenstein is Executive Vice President--Corporate Development of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Does not include 49,722 shares of Class B common 35 stock purchasable under ATC options received in exchange for American Radio options upon consummation of the ATC Separation; includes 74,589 shares of Class B common stock as to which such options will be exercisable. Does not include an aggregate of 125,635 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under options that were issued in exchange for ATI options; includes an aggregate of 174,795 shares of Class A common stock as to which such options are exercisable. Does not include 22,400 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan, 22,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 100,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 5,600 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (6) Mr. Eisner, Vice President, Business Development and Planning of Cox Enterprises, Inc., an affiliate of the former principal TeleCom member, is a director of ATC. Cox Telecom Towers, Inc., an affiliate of Cox Enterprises, Inc., owns 1,881,055 shares of Class A common stock. Mr. Eisner's address is 1400 Lake Hearn Drive, N.E., Atlanta, GA 30319. (7) Mr. Furst, a partner of Hicks, Muse, is a director of ATC. His address is 200 Crescent Court, Suite 1600, Dallas, Texas 75201-6950. (8) Mr. Gearon is an Executive Vice President and director of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 3,974,437 shares of Class A common stock currently owned by Mr. Gearon. Does not include 300,000 shares of Class A common stock held by a trust for the benefit of Mr. Gearon's children of which J. Michael Gearon, Sr. is the trustee. Mr. Gearon disclaims beneficial ownership in all shares owned by such trust. Does not include 187,560 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 22, 1998 under the Plan and 100,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 46,891 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (9) Mr. Lummis is a director of ATC. His address is 3411 Richmond Avenue, Suite 400, Houston, Texas 77046. Includes 69,105 shares of Class A common stock owned by Mr. Lummis, an aggregate of 256,252 shares of Class A common stock owned by trusts of which he is trustee, 674,349 shares of Class A common stock owned by Summit Capital, an affiliate of Mr. Lummis by reason of Mr. Lummis's 50% ownership of the common stock of Summit Capital, and 497,042 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option originally granted by Old ATC which became an option to purchase Class A common stock pursuant to the merger of Old ATC with ATC. Mr. Lummis disclaims beneficial ownership in all shares owned by the trusts and disclaims beneficial ownership of all shares owned by Summit Capital, except to the extent of his pecuniary interest therein. Does not include 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan. (10) Mr. Mays, the Chief Financial Officer and an Executive Vice President of Clear Channel, is a director of ATC. His address is P.O. Box 659512, San Antonio, Texas 78265-9512. Clear Channel owns all of the shares of Class A common stock shown in the table. Mr. Mays disclaims beneficial ownership of Clear Channel's ownership of such shares. Does not include 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan. (11) Mr. Moskowitz is Executive Vice President--Marketing of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Does not include 112,000 shares of Class A Common Stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan and 35,000 shares purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan; includes 28,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (12) Mr. Wiest is the Chief Operating Officer of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 35,556 shares of Class A common stock owned by Mr. Wiest. Does not include 192,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 22, 1998 under the Plan and 125,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 48,001 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (13) Ms. Wilderotter is a director of ATC. Her address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Does not include 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on 36 June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 25,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan. (14) Mr. Winn is the Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer of ATC. His address is 116 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116. Includes 2,000 shares of Class A common stock and 230,657 shares of Class B common stock owned individually by Mr. Winn and 100 shares of Class A Common Stock held for the benefit of his children. Does not include an aggregate of 81,292 shares of Class B common stock and 15,048 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under ATC options received in exchange for American Radio options upon consummation of the ATC Separation; includes an aggregate of 120,037 shares of Class B common stock and 10,032 shares of Class A common stock as to which such options are exercisable. Does not include 220,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on January 8, 1998 under the Plan, 210,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on June 22, 1998 under the Plan and 125,000 shares of Class A common stock purchasable under an option granted on December 1, 1998 under the Plan; includes 55,000 shares as to which the January option is exercisable. (15) Includes all shares stated to be owned in the preceding notes. (16) The address of Wellington Management Company, LLP ("Wellington") is 75 State Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109. Based on Wellington's Schedule 13G dated February 9, 1999, Wellington has sole voting power over 0 shares of Class A common stock, shared voting power over 5,497,887 shares of Class A common stock, sole dispositive power over 0 shares of Class A common stock and shared dispositive power over 8,031,887 shares of Class A common stock. ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS Chase was a lender with a 6.75% participation under the loan agreement entered into by ATI and has a 5.2% participation under the Credit Facilities for the Borrower Subsidiaries. Chase is an affiliate of CCP, the general partner of CEA; Mr. Chavkin, a director of ATC, is a general partner of CCP. At December 31, 1998, the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Credit Facilities of ATC and the Borrower Subsidiaries was $275.0 million. Chase's share of interest and fees paid by ATC pursuant to its various credit arrangements was $0.2 million and $0.8 million in 1997 and 1998, respectively. Mr. Eisenstein received $1,022,366 demand loan in August 1998. In December 1998, Mr. Eisenstein repaid $700,000, and as of December 31, 1998, such loan bore interest at a fixed rate and remained outstanding in the principal amount of $322,366. See "--Executive Compensation" in Item 11. ATC Private Placement. In January 1998, ATC consummated the transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 8, 1998 (the "Stock Purchase Agreement"), with certain officers and directors of American Radio and ATC (or their affiliates or members of their family or family trusts), pursuant to which those persons purchased shares (the "ATC Private Placement") of Common Stock at $10.00 per share, as follows: Mr. Dodge: 4,000,000 (Class B); Mr. Box: 450,000 (Class A); Mr. Charlton H. Buckley: 300,000 (Class A); each of Messrs. Eisenstein and Steven J. Moskowitz: 25,000 (Class A); Mr. Arthur Kellar: 400,000 (Class A); Mr. Stoner, his wife and certain family trusts: 649,950 (Class B); other Stoner family and trust purchasers: 150,050 (Class A); and CEA: 2,000,000 (Class C). Messrs. Buckley and Kellar were directors of American Radio, and Mr. Chavkin, a director of ATC and a former director of American Radio, is an affiliate of CEA. Mr. Moskowitz serves as Executive Vice President--Marketing of ATC and the General Manager of the Northeast Region. Payment of the purchase price was in the form of cash in the case of CEA, all members of Mr. Stoner's family and the family trusts (but not Mr. Stoner and his wife) and Messrs. Buckley, Eisenstein, Kellar and Moskowitz, and, in the case of Messrs. Dodge, Box and Stoner (and his wife), in the form of a note that was paid in full upon consummation of the ATC Separation. The notes bore interest at the six-month LIBOR, from time to time, plus 1.5% per annum, and were secured by shares of American Radio common stock having a fair market value of not less than 175% of the principal amount of and accrued and unpaid interest on the note. The notes were prepayable at any time at the option of the obligor and were due and payable, at the option of ATC, in the event of certain defaults set forth therein. 37 The American Radio Board of Directors appointed a special committee (the "Special Committee") consisting of three directors (who were not directors of ATC and who were not a party to the Stock Purchase Agreement) to determine the fairness to American Radio from a financial point of view of the terms and conditions of the Stock Purchase Agreement. None of the members of the Special Committee was a party to the Stock Purchase Agreement. No limitations were imposed on the activities of the Special Committee by the American Radio Board. The Special Committee retained Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated ("Merrill Lynch") to act as its exclusive financial advisor in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase Agreement. No limitations were placed on the activities of Merrill Lynch. Merrill Lynch delivered its written opinion, dated January 8, 1998, to the Special Committee that, as of such date and based upon and subject to the matters set forth therein, the purchase price of $10.00 per share to be received by ATC pursuant to the Stock Purchase Agreement was fair from a financial point of view to American Radio. Based upon such opinion, and its own evaluation of the terms and conditions of the ATC Stock Purchase Agreement, the Special Committee approved the Stock Purchase Agreement as fair to and in the best interests of American Radio. Pursuant to an Engagement Letter, dated November 20, 1997, American Radio agreed to pay Merrill Lynch a fee of $500,000 in consideration for its services. American Radio has also agreed to reimburse Merrill Lynch for its expenses, including reasonable fees and expenses of its counsel, and to indemnify Merrill Lynch for liabilities and expenses arising out of its engagement and the transactions in connection therewith, including liabilities under the federal securities laws. ATC is obligated under the Separation Agreement to reimburse American Radio for all such fees and expenses which American Radio has incurred to Merrill Lynch and to assume such indemnification obligation. Management believes that the above transactions, to the extent they were with affiliated parties, were on terms, and ATC intends to continue its policy that all future transactions between it and its officers, directors, principal stockholders and affiliates will be on terms, not less favorable to ATC than those which could be obtained from unaffiliated parties. 38 PART IV. ITEM 14. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K. (a) Documents filed as part of this report. (1) Financial Statements

All schedules have been omitted because the required information either is not applicable or is shown in or determinable from the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto. 39 SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on the 19th day of March 1999. American Tower Corporation /s/ Steven B. Dodge By: _________________________________ Steven B. Dodge Chief Executive Officer, Director, President and Chairman of the Board Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Signature Title Date /s/ Steven B. Dodge Chairman of the Board, March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Chief Executive Officer, Steven B. Dodge President and Director /s/ Joseph L. Winn Chief Financial Officer March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Joseph L. Winn /s/ Alan L. Box Executive Vice President March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- and Director Alan L. Box /s/ Justin D. Benincasa Vice President and Corporate Controller March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Justin D. Benincasa /s/ Thomas H. Stoner Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Thomas H. Stoner /s/ Dean H. Eisner Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Dean H. Eisner /s/ Jack D. Furst Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Jack D. Furst

40

Signature Title Date /s/ Arnold L. Chavkin Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Arnold L. Chavkin /s/ Randall Mays Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Randall Mays /s/ Maggie Wilderotter Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Maggie Wilderotter /s/ J. Michael Gearon, Jr. Executive Vice President, Site Acquisition Services and Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- J. Michael Gearon, Jr. /s/ Fred R. Lummis Director March 19, 1999 - --------------------------- Fred R. Lummis 41 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT To the Board of Directors of American Tower Corporation: We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of American Tower Corporation and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion. In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1998 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. Deloitte & Touche LLP Boston, Massachusetts March 4, 1999 F-1 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS December 31, 1998 and 1997 (In thousands, except share data)
1998 1997 ---------- -------- ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents............................... $ 186,175 $ 4,596 Accounts receivable, net................................ 15,506 3,239 Unbilled receivables.................................... 1,344 Prepaid and other current assets........................ 4,065 790 Deferred income taxes................................... 495 63 ---------- -------- Total current assets.................................. 207,585 8,688 ---------- -------- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net.............................. 449,476 117,618 GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, net................ 718,575 116,616 NOTES RECEIVABLE......................................... 7,585 10,700 DEPOSITS AND OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS...................... 9,704 1,735 DEFERRED INCOME TAXES.................................... 109,418 ---------- -------- TOTAL.................................................... $1,502,343 $255,357 ========== ======== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Current portion of long-term debt....................... $ 1,652 $ 110 Accounts payable........................................ 6,696 3,738 Accrued expenses........................................ 11,347 4,213 Accrued tower construction costs........................ 16,099 279 Accrued interest........................................ 1,132 914 Unearned income......................................... 6,610 1,752 Accrued separation expenses............................. 5,058 Due to CBS Corporation.................................. 45,127 Accrued acquisition purchase price...................... 21,914 ---------- -------- Total current liabilities............................. 115,635 11,006 ---------- -------- LONG-TERM DEBT........................................... 279,477 90,066 DEFERRED INCOME TAXES.................................... 418 OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES.............................. 1,429 33 ---------- -------- Total liabilities..................................... 396,541 101,523 ---------- -------- COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Notes 5 and 12) MINORITY INTEREST IN SUBSIDIARIES........................ 4,116 626 ---------- -------- REDEEMABLE CLASS A COMMON STOCK- $.01 par value, 336,250 shares issued and outstanding at estimated redemption value of $29.5625 per share............................. 9,940 ---------- -------- STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Preferred Stock; $0.01 par value; 20,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding............ Class A Common Stock; $.01 par value; 300,000,000 shares authorized; 96,291,111 shares and 29,667,883 shares issued and outstanding, respectively............ 963 297 Class B Common Stock; $.01 par value; 50,000,000 shares authorized; 9,001,060 shares and 4,670,626 shares issued and outstanding, respectively................... 90 47 Class C Common Stock; $.01 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; 3,002,008 shares and 1,295,518 shares issued and outstanding, respectively................... 30 13 Additional paid-in capital.............................. 1,140,365 155,711 Accumulated deficit..................................... (49,702) (2,860) ---------- -------- Total stockholders' equity............................ 1,091,746 153,208 ---------- -------- TOTAL.................................................... $1,502,343 $255,357 ========== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-2 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996(In thousands, except per share data)
Years Ended December 31, -------------------------- 1998 1997 1996 -------- ------- ------- REVENUES: Tower rental and management (See Note 6 for related party amounts) ........................ $ 60,505 $13,302 $ 2,897 Services........................................ 23,315 2,122 Video, voice, data and Internet transmission.... 19,724 2,084 -------- ------- ------- Total operating revenues...................... 103,544 17,508 2,897 -------- ------- ------- OPERATING EXPENSES: Operating expenses excluding depreciation and amortization, tower separation expenses and corporate general and administrative expenses: Tower rental and management.................... 29,455 6,080 1,362 Services....................................... 19,479 1,360 Video, voice, data and Internet transmission... 12,817 1,273 Depreciation and amortization................... 52,064 6,326 990 Tower separation expenses....................... 12,772 Corporate general and administrative expenses... 5,099 1,536 830 -------- ------- ------- Total operating expenses...................... 131,686 16,575 3,182 -------- ------- ------- INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS..................... (28,142) 933 (285) -------- ------- ------- OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest expense (See Note 6 for related party amounts) ...................................... (23,229) (3,040) Interest income and other, net.................. 9,217 251 36 Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries................................... (287) (193) (185) -------- ------- ------- TOTAL OTHER EXPENSE............................... (14,299) (2,982) (149) -------- ------- ------- LOSS BEFORE BENEFIT (PROVISION) FOR INCOME TAXES AND EXTRAORDINARY LOSSES......................... (42,441) (2,049) (434) BENEFIT (PROVISION) FOR INCOME TAXES.............. 4,491 473 (45) -------- ------- ------- LOSS BEFORE EXTRAORDINARY LOSSES.................. (37,950) (1,576) (479) EXTRAORDINARY LOSS ON EXTINGUISHMENT OF DEBT, NET OF INCOME TAX BENEFIT OF $921 IN 1998 AND $463 IN 1997............................................. (1,382) (694) EXTRAORDINARY LOSS ON REDEMPTION OF INTERIM PREFERRED STOCK, NET OF INCOME TAX BENEFIT OF $5,000........................................... (7,510) -------- ------- ------- NET LOSS.......................................... $(46,842) $(2,270) $ (479) ======== ======= ======= BASIC AND DILUTED LOSS PER COMMON SHARE AMOUNTS: Loss before extraordinary losses................ $ (0.48) $ (0.03) $ (0.00) Extraordinary losses............................ (0.11) (0.01) -------- ------- ------- Net loss........................................ $ (0.59) $ (0.05) $ (0.00) ======== ======= ======= WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING...................................... 79,786 48,732 48,732 ======== ======= =======
See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-3 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Years Ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 and 1996 (In thousands, except share data)
Common Stock Common Stock Common Stock Common Stock ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ Class A Class B Class C ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ Additional Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Outstanding Notes Paid-in Accumulated Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Shares Amount Receivable Capital Deficit ----------- ------ ----------- ------ ----------- ------ ----------- ------ ---------- ---------- ----------- BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 1996......... 10 $-- $ 3,880 $ (111) Issuance of common stock to ARS............. 2,990 Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 2,549 Non-cash........ 29,855 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (4,866) Non-cash........ (1,100) Net loss......... (479) ------ ---- ---------- -------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1996........ 3,000 30,318 (590) Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 143,073 Non-cash........ 51 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (16,650) Non-cash........ (724) Recapitalization (Note 8)........ (3,000) 29,667,883 $297 4,670,626 $ 47 1,295,518 $ 13 (357) Net loss......... (2,270) ------ ---- ---------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- ---------- -------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1997........ -- -- 29,667,883 297 4,670,626 47 1,295,518 13 155,711 (2,860) ====== ==== Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 56,918 Non-cash........ 6,489 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (51,858) Issuance of com- mon stock under stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs of $630... 1,350,050 14 4,649,950 46 2,000,000 20 $(49,375) 79,290 Issuance of com- mon stock-Gearon merger.......... 5,333,333 53 47,947 Reduction of com- mon stock re- demption obliga- tion............ 383,750 4 9,740 Issuance of com- mon stock-ATC merger.......... 28,782,386 287 297,192 Issuance of com- mon stock-Wauka merger.......... 1,430,881 14 28,603 Exercise of op- tions........... 899,504 9 203,709 2 2,727 Repayment stock purchase agree- ment notes...... 49,375 ATC Separation tax liability... (61,715) ATC Separation working capital adjustment...... (50,000) ATC Separation share conver- sion............ 111,761 1 (347,159) (3) 2 Issuance of com- mon stock - July offering, net of issuance costs of $29,806...... 27,861,987 279 624,672 Share Class Ex- changes......... 469,576 5 (176,066) (2) (293,510) (3) Accretion of Re- deemable Stock.. (1,555) Tax liability from conversion of CBS securi- ties............ (5,021) Tax benefit of stock options... 1,223 Net loss......... (46,842) ---------- ---- --------- ---- --------- ---- -------- ---------- -------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1998........ 96,291,111 $963 9,001,060 $ 90 3,002,008 $ 30 $ 0 $1,140,365 $(49,702) ========== ==== ========= ==== ========= ==== ======== ========== ======== Total ----------- BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 1996......... $ 3,769 Issuance of common stock to ARS............. Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 2,549 Non-cash........ 29,855 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (4,866) Non-cash........ (1,100) Net loss......... (479) ----------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1996........ 29,728 Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 143,073 Non-cash........ 51 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (16,650) Non-cash........ (724) Recapitalization (Note 8)........ Net loss......... (2,270) ----------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1997........ 153,208 Contributions from ARS: Cash............ 56,918 Non-cash........ 6,489 Transfers to ARS: Cash............ (51,858) Issuance of com- mon stock under stock purchase agreement, net of issuance costs of $630... 29,995 Issuance of com- mon stock-Gearon merger.......... 48,000 Reduction of com- mon stock re- demption obliga- tion............ 9,744 Issuance of com- mon stock-ATC merger.......... 297,479 Issuance of com- mon stock-Wauka merger.......... 28,617 Exercise of op- tions........... 2,738 Repayment stock purchase agree- ment notes...... 49,375 ATC Separation tax liability... (61,715) ATC Separation working capital adjustment...... (50,000) ATC Separation share conver- sion............ 0 Issuance of com- mon stock - July offering, net of issuance costs of $29,806...... 624,951 Share Class Ex- changes......... Accretion of Re- deemable Stock.. (1,555) Tax liability from conversion of CBS securi- ties............ (5,021) Tax benefit of stock options... 1,223 Net loss......... (46,842) ----------- BALANCE, DECEMBER 31, 1998........ $1,091,746 ===========
See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-4 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 (In thousands)
Years Ended December 31, ------------------------------ 1998 1997 1996 -------- --------- --------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss...................................... $(46,842) $ (2,270) $ (479) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash provided by operating activities: Depreciation and amortization................. 52,064 6,326 990 Minority interest in net earnings of subsidiaries................................. 287 193 185 Amortization of deferred financing costs...... 1,629 188 Provision for losses on accounts receivable... 1,136 124 47 Extraordinary losses, net..................... 8,892 694 Amortization of debt discount................. 261 Dividends on Interim Preferred Stock.......... 3,117 Deferred income taxes......................... (4,491) 147 109 Changes in assets and liabilities, net of acquisitions: Accounts receivable......................... (11,042) (3,156) (247) Unbilled receivables........................ (1,185) Prepaid and other current assets............ (1,553) 159 (227) Accounts payable and accrued expenses....... 13,577 5,080 1,580 Accrued interest............................ (47) 914 Unearned income............................. 1,311 1,500 253 Other long-term liabilities................. 1,315 14 19 -------- --------- --------- Cash provided by operating activities.......... 18,429 9,913 2,230 -------- --------- --------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Payments for purchase of property and equipment and construction activities.................. (126,455) (20,614) Payments for acquisitions..................... (208,717) (184,076) Advances of notes receivable.................. (12,140) (10,962) Proceeds from repayment of notes receivable... 2,001 Deposits and other long-term assets........... (5,066) (1,131) -------- --------- --------- Cash used for investing activities............. (350,377) (216,783) -------- --------- --------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Borrowings under credit facilities............ 205,500 151,000 2,500 Repayments of other notes payable and credit facilities................................... (156,667) (65,359) (107) Net proceeds from equity offerings and stock options...................................... 707,059 Cash transfers to CBS Corporation............. (221,665) Borrowings under other notes payable.......... 231 Net proceeds from Interim Preferred Stock..... 300,000 Redemption of Interim Preferred Stock......... (303,117) Contributions from ARS........................ 56,918 143,073 2,549 Cash transfers to ARS......................... (51,858) (16,650) (4,866) Distributions to minority interest............ (393) (419) (175) Additions to deferred financing costs......... (22,250) (2,553) -------- --------- --------- Cash provided by financing activities.......... 513,527 209,092 132 -------- --------- --------- NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS...... 181,579 2,222 2,362 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, BEGINNING OF YEAR... 4,596 2,374 12 -------- --------- --------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS, END OF YEAR......... $186,175 $ 4,596 $ 2,374 ======== ========= =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements. F-5 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 1. BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Business and Corporate Structure--American Tower Corporation and subsidiaries (collectively, ATC or the Company) (formerly American Tower Systems Corporation) was a wholly-owned subsidiary of American Radio Systems Corporation (ARS, American Radio or the Former Parent) until consummation of the spin-off of ATC from American Radio on June 4, 1998 (the ATC Separation). American Tower, Inc. (ATI) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the ATC which holds substantially all the operating assets and liabilities of the business. American Tower, L.P. (ATLP) is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ATC. ATI and ATLP are collectively referred to as the Borrower Subsidiaries. The Company was incorporated on July 17, 1995 (Incorporation) for the purpose of acquiring, developing, marketing, managing and operating wireless communications tower sites throughout the United States, for use by wireless communications providers and television and radio broadcasters. As of December 31, 1998, the Company owned and/or operated approximately 2,300 wireless communication sites. Based in Boston, the Company operates throughout the United States with regional hubs in Boston, Albuquerque, Atlanta, Chicago, Houston and San Francisco. ATC's primary business is the leasing of antennae sites on multi-tenant towers for a diverse range of wireless communications industries, including personal communications services, cellular, paging, specialized mobile radio, enhanced specialized mobile radio and fixed microwave, as well as radio and television broadcasters. ATC also offers its customers a broad range of network development services, including network design, site acquisition, zoning and other regulatory approvals, tower construction and antennae installation. ATC intends to expand these services and to capitalize on its relationships with its wireless customers through major built to suit construction projects. ATC is also engaged in the video, voice, data and Internet transmission business, which it currently conducts in the New York City to Washington, D.C. corridor and in Texas. ATC Separation: On June 4, 1998, the merger of American Radio and a subsidiary of CBS Corporation (CBS) was consummated. As a consequence, all of the shares of ATC Common Stock (the Common Stock) owned by ARS were distributed to ARS common stockholders and holders of options to acquire ARS Common Stock or will be distributed upon conversion of shares of ARS 7% Convertible Exchangeable Preferred Stock (the Convertible Preferred Stock). As a consequence of the ATC Separation, ATC ceased to be a subsidiary of, or to be otherwise affiliated with American Radio and now operates as an independent publicly traded company. Pursuant to the provisions of the CBS merger agreement, ATC entered into an agreement (the Separation Agreement) with CBS and ARS providing for, among other things, the orderly separation of ARS and ATC, the allocation of certain tax liabilities, as a result of the separation, to ATC and certain closing date adjustments relating to ARS. The Separation Agreement requires ATC to reimburse CBS on a "make-whole" (after tax) basis for the tax liabilities incurred by ARS attributable to the distribution of the Common Stock owned by ARS to the ARS security holders and certain related transactions to the extent that the aggregate amount of taxes required to be paid by ARS exceeded $20.0 million. The amount of that tax liability was dependent on the "fair market value" of the Common Stock at the time of the consummation of the ATC Separation. ATC received an appraisal from an independent appraisal firm that the "fair market value" of ARS's stock interest in ATC was equal to $17.25 per share. Based on such appraisal, ARS paid estimated taxes of approximately $212.0 million and was reimbursed therefore by ATC. As required by the Separation Agreement, ATC provided CBS with security of $9.8 million in cash (which may be replaced at ATC's option with a letter of credit reasonably satisfactory to CBS) in connection with the filing of estimated tax returns based on such appraisal. Such appraisal is not, of course, binding on the Internal Revenue Service or other taxing authorities. The Company financed its tax reimbursement obligations to CBS with the proceeds from the issuance of Interim Preferred Stock as discussed F-6 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) in Note 8. The $212.0 million payment also included estimated payments for the "make-whole" provisions of the liability associated with the conversion of the Convertible Preferred Stock and the working capital and debt level adjustments described below. Such taxes gave effect to estimated deductions of approximately $85.1 million available to ARS as a consequence of the cancellation or exercise of ARS stock options pursuant to the ATC Separation. ATC's reimbursement obligation with respect to such taxes would change by approximately $21.0 million for each $1.00 change in the "fair market value" of the Class A Common Stock under the tax reporting method followed. The average of the high and low trading prices of the Class A Common Stock in the when-issued over-the-counter market on June 4, 1998 was $20.50. The $212.0 million payment did not include all the taxes payable with respect to the shares of Class A Common Stock deliverable upon conversion of the ARS Convertible Preferred; such taxes will be based on the "fair market value" of the Class A Common Stock at the time of conversion. Conversions have occurred at various times since June 4, 1998. On September 30, 1998, CBS issued convertible debentures (the ARS Convertible Debentures) in exchange for the then outstanding shares of ARS Convertible Preferred. Holders of the ARS Convertible Debentures are entitled to the same conversion rights as the ARS Convertible Preferred. As of December 31, 1998 holders of 47% of the ARS Convertible Preferred and/or ARS Convertible Debentures had converted or presented for conversion. As of December 31, 1998, ATC estimates that its reimbursement obligation with respect to taxes on known conversions is approximately $13.5 million, of which $8.5 million has been paid. ATC estimates that its remaining reimbursement obligation with respect to the taxes on ARS Convertible Debentures that had not then been converted would be approximately $19.1 million under the tax reporting method followed. Such estimate is based on an estimated fair market value of the Class A Common Stock of $28.75 per share. ATC's obligation for such conversions would change by approximately $1.1 million for each $1.00 change in such fair market value. American Radio has agreed that it will pursue, for the benefit of and at the cost of ATC, a refund claim, attributable to the "make-whole" provision, estimated at between $40.0 million to $45.0 million, based on the appraised "fair market value" and the estimated taxes attributable to conversions of the ARS Convertible Debentures set forth above. Any such refund claim will, in fact, be based on the actual amount of taxes paid. In light of existing tax law, any such refund claim may not be successful. The Separation Agreement also provided for closing balance sheet adjustments based on the working capital, as defined, and debt levels of American Radio as of June 4, 1998. ATC's preliminary June 1998 estimate was that such adjustments would not exceed $50.0 million, excluding the reimbursement to CBS for the tax consequences of any such payment (estimated at approximately $33.0 million) which was paid in connection with the $212.0 million payment to CBS referred to above. In February 1999, ATC paid CBS $50.0 million in settlement of all amounts due with respect to such adjustments, including interest. As part of such settlement, ATC also agreed to indemnify CBS and American Radio with respect to certain tax matters affecting American Radio prior to the ATC Separation. Corporate Tax Restructuring--In connection with an inter-corporate taxable transfer of assets entered into in January 1998 by ATC in contemplation of the separation of ATC and ARS, a portion of the tax with respect to which ATC was obligated to indemnify CBS has been incurred. Such transfer resulted in an increase in the tax bases of ATC's assets of approximately $390.0 million. ATC recorded a deferred tax asset of approximately $150.2 million and will have potential depreciation and amortization deductions over the next 15 years. (See Note 7). Principles of Consolidation and Basis of Presentation--The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Investments in affiliates, where ATC owns more than 20 percent of the voting power of F-7 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) the affiliate but not in excess of 50 percent, are accounted for using the equity method. Separate financial information regarding equity method investees is not significant. The Company also consolidates its greater than 50 percent interests in other tower communications companies, with the other members' investments reflected as minority interest in subsidiaries in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Through June 4, 1998, ATC effectively operated as a stand-alone entity, with its own corporate staff and headquarters, and received minimal assistance from personnel of ARS. Accordingly, the accompanying consolidated financial statements do not include any corporate general and administrative cost allocations from ARS. However, the consolidated financial statements may not reflect the results of operations or financial position of ATC had it been an independent public company during the periods presented. Use of Estimates--The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results may differ from those estimates, and such differences could be material to the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Revenue Recognition--Tower rental and management revenues are recognized when earned. Escalation clauses and other incentives present in tower lease agreements with the Company's customers are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Service revenues from site selection and construction management activities are recognized under service contracts with customers which provide for billings on a time and materials or fixed price basis. Revenues are recognized as services are performed with respect to the time and materials contracts. Revenues are recognized using the percentage-of- completion method for fixed price contracts, measured by the percentage of contract costs incurred to date compared to estimated total contract costs. Provisions for estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period in which such losses are determined. Other service revenues and video, voice, data and Internet transmission revenues are recognized as such services are provided. Amounts billed or received prior to services being performed are deferred until such time as the revenue is earned. Corporate General and Administrative Expense--Corporate general and administrative expense consists of corporate overhead costs not specifically allocable to any of the Company's individual business properties. Concentration of Credit Risk--Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk are primarily cash and cash equivalents and notes and trade receivables. The Company mitigates its risk with respect to cash and cash equivalents by maintaining such deposits at high credit quality financial institutions and monitoring the credit ratings of those institutions. The Company derives the largest portion of its revenues from customers in the wireless telecommunications industry. In addition, the Company has concentrations of operations in certain geographic areas (primarily California, Florida and Texas). The Company mitigates its concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables by actively monitoring the creditworthiness of its customers. Historically, the Company has not incurred any significant credit related losses. Accounts receivable are reported net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $1,230,000 and $125,000 as of December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. Accounts charged off to the allowance for doubtful accounts aggregated $206,000, $46,000 and $0 for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Derivative Financial Instruments--The Company uses derivative financial instruments as a means of managing interest-rate risk associated with current debt or anticipated debt transactions that have a high probability of being executed. The Company's interest rate protection agreements generally consist of interest rate swap agreements and interest rate cap agreements. These instruments are matched with either fixed or variable rate debt, and F-8 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) payments thereon are recorded on a settlement basis as an adjustment to interest expense. Premiums paid to purchase interest rate cap agreements are amortized as an adjustment of interest expense over the life of the contract. Derivative financial instruments are not held for trading purposes. (See Note 4). Cash and Cash Equivalents--Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, demand deposits and short-term investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Property and Equipment--Property and equipment are recorded at cost, or at estimated fair value in the case of acquired properties. Cost includes expenditures for communications sites and related assets and the net amount of interest cost associated with significant capital additions. Approximately $1,403,000, $458,000 and $120,000 of interest was capitalized for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives ranging from three to fifteen years. During 1998, the Company completed the allocation of the purchase prices related to certain 1997 acquisitions and accordingly, reclassified approximately $108.2 million of unallocated purchase price existing at December 31, 1997 to goodwill and other intangible assets. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets--Goodwill and other intangible assets represents principally the excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of net assets acquired, and the value of existing site rental customer contracts, deferred financing costs, deferred acquisition costs and non- competition agreements. Goodwill and site rental customer contracts are being amortized over an estimated aggregate useful life of fifteen years using the straight-line method. The consolidated financial statements reflect the preliminary allocation of certain purchase prices as the appraisals for some acquisitions have not yet been finalized. The portion of intangible assets relating to deferred financing costs and a non-competition agreement are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives, ranging from five to eight years. (See Note 3). Notes Receivable--In June 1998, ATC entered into an agreement to acquire a company which is in the process of constructing towers in the Tampa, Florida area. Subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including, depending on the circumstances, the expiration or earlier termination of the Hart-Scott Rodino (HSR Act) waiting period, the acquisition is expected to be consummated in the Spring of 1999. Prior to the acquisition's closing, ATC has agreed to advance construction funds to the seller in an aggregate amount not to exceed $12.0 million in the form of a secured note (guaranteed by the stockholders and secured by the stock of the seller), of which approximately $7.1 million was advanced through December 31, 1998. The secured note would be payable in the event the acquisition was not consummated. In connection with the acquisition of Wauka Communications and Grid Site Services, Inc. described in Note 9, the Company assumed certain notes receivable. The notes bear interest at 9% and the outstanding balance was approximately $485,000 as of December 31, 1998. In connection with the acquisition of OPM-USA-INC. (OPM) and the acquisition of Gearon & Co. Inc. (Gearon) described in Note 9, the Company entered into certain note agreements prior to consummation of these acquisitions. The Company agreed to advance OPM an amount not to exceed $37.0 million, of which approximately $5.7 million (excluding accrued interest) was advanced as of December 31, 1997. The note bore interest at the prime rate plus 3%, was unsecured and was settled upon closing of the OPM acquisition. In addition, the Company also advanced Gearon $10.0 million of unsecured notes receivable, which bore interest at a rate of approximately 7.25%. Such notes and accrued interest thereon were settled upon the closing in January of 1998. Income Taxes--Deferred taxes are provided to reflect temporary differences in basis between book and tax assets and liabilities measured using currently enacted tax rates. Through January 1998, the Company participated in a F-9 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) tax sharing agreement with ARS. The tax sharing agreement was terminated in connection with the corporate restructuring described above; the Company and its subsidiaries now prepare and file income tax returns on a separate consolidated basis. (See Note 7). Loss Per Common Share--Basic and diluted income or loss per common share have been determined in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 128, "Earnings Per Share" whereby basic income or loss per common share is computed by dividing net income or loss by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted per share amounts are computed by adjusting the weighted average number of common shares and for dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period, if any. In computing diluted per share amounts, the Company uses the treasury stock method, whereby unexercised options are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period or at issuance, if later. The assumed proceeds are then used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. Shares outstanding upon the consummation of the ATC Separation are assumed to be outstanding for all of 1997 and 1996 and prior to June 4, 1998. Shares issuable upon exercise of options have been excluded from the computation of diluted loss per common share as the effect is anti-dilutive. Had options been included in the computation, shares for the diluted computation would have increased by approximately 3.9 million in 1998. Subsequent to December 31, 1998, ATC issued additional shares of common stock and assumed certain options in connection with the transactions described in Note 12. Tower Separation Expenses--Tower separation expenses consist of costs incurred in connection with the separation of the Company from its Former Parent and include legal, accounting, financial advisory, and consent solicitation fees. The Company may incur additional separation expenses through the resolution of the ATC Separation adjustments described above, but does not expect such costs to be material to the Company's consolidated results of operations, liquidity or financial position. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets--Recoverability of long-lived assets is determined by periodically comparing the forecasted undiscounted net cash flows of the operations to which the assets relate to the carrying amount, including associated intangible assets of such operations. Through December 31, 1998, no impairments requiring adjustment have occurred. Stock-Based Compensation--Compensation related to equity grants or awards to employees is measured using the intrinsic value method prescribed by Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25 "Accounting For Stock Issued To Employees." In addition, the Company provides the required disclosures under FAS No. 123, "Accounting For Stock Based Compensation" as if the fair-value based method (defined in FAS No. 123) had been applied. (See Note 8). Fair Value of Financial Instruments--The Company believes that the carrying value of all financial instruments, excluding the interest rate protection agreements, is a reasonable estimate of fair value as of December 31, 1998 and 1997. The fair value of the interest rate protection agreements are obtained from independent market quotes. These values represent the amount the Company would receive or pay to terminate the agreements taking into consideration current market interest rates. The Company would expect to pay approximately $369,000 and $97,000 to settle these agreements at December 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively. (See Note 4). Retirement Plans--The Company has a 401(k) plan covering substantially all employees, subject to certain minimum age and length of employment requirements. Under the plan, the Company matches 30% of participants' contributions up to 5% of compensation. Prior to the ATC Separation, employees of ATC participated in a similar plan sponsored by ARS. ATC contributed approximately $207,700, $16,800 and $6,000 to the plans for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. F-10 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) Recent Accounting Pronouncements--Effective January 1, 1998, the Company adopted the provisions of FAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income." There are currently no items other than net loss which would be classified as part of comprehensive income. In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) released FAS No. 131 "Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," which ATC adopted in 1998. (See Note 11). In February 1998, the FASB released FAS No. 132, "Employer's Disclosures about Pensions and other Post- retirement Benefits," which ATC adopted in 1998. The adoption had no impact on the Company's results of consolidated operations, liquidity or financial position. In June 1998, the FASB issued FAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." This statement is effective for all fiscal quarters of years beginning after June 15, 1999. The Company is in the process of completing its evaluations of FAS No. 133. Reclassifications--Certain reclassifications have been made to the 1996 and 1997 financial statements to conform with the 1998 presentation. 2. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT Property and equipment consist of the following as of December 31 (in thousands):
1998 1997 -------- -------- Land and improvements.................................. $ 38,242 $ 17,956 Buildings and improvements............................. 59,447 17,732 Towers................................................. 289,334 48,316 Technical equipment.................................... 9,381 3,624 Transmitter equipment.................................. 29,290 18,212 Office equipment, furniture, fixtures and other equipment............................................. 14,863 4,076 Construction in progress............................... 31,926 10,642 -------- -------- Total.............................................. 472,483 120,558 Less accumulated depreciation and amortization......... (23,007) (2,940) -------- -------- Property and equipment, net............................ $449,476 $117,618 ======== ======== 3. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS The Company's intangible assets consist of the following as of December 31 (in thousands): 1998 1997 -------- -------- Goodwill and site rental customer contracts............ $739,933 $111,918 Deferred financing costs............................... 8,891 2,519 Non-compete agreements................................. 6,018 5,530 Deferred acquisition costs............................. 2,513 438 Other.................................................. 647 -------- -------- Total............................................... 757,355 121,052 Less accumulated amortization.......................... (38,780) (4,436) -------- -------- Other intangible assets, net........................... $718,575 $116,616 ======== ========
F-11 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 4. FINANCING ARRANGEMENTS Outstanding amounts under the Company's long-term financing arrangements consisted of the following as of December 31 (in thousands):
1998 1997 -------- ------- Credit Facilities......................................... $275,000 $88,500 Notes payable............................................. 5,854 1,466 Other obligations......................................... 275 210 -------- ------- Total..................................................... 281,129 90,176 Less current portion...................................... (1,652) (110) -------- ------- Long-term debt............................................ $279,477 $90,066 ======== =======
Credit Facilities--Through June 16, 1998 the Borrower Subsidiaries were party to a loan agreement which provided a $250.0 million loan commitment, with an additional amount of $150.0 million available at the discretion of the Borrower Subsidiaries. In June 1998, ATC and the Borrower Subsidiaries entered into new loan agreements (the Credit Facilities) which provide for total available credit of $925.0 million as of December 31, 1998. The Credit Facilities consist of a term loan to ATC for $150.0 million, revolving credit facilities to the Borrower Subsidiaries totaling $650.0 million, and a term loan to the Borrower Subsidiaries of $125.0 million. Interest on the Credit Facilities is payable in accordance with the applicable term of the London Interbank Offering Rate (LIBOR) agreement or quarterly, and accrues, at ATC's option, either at the LIBOR plus margin (as defined) or the Base Rate plus applicable margin (as defined). The interest rate in effect at December 31, 1998 for the ATC term loan and the Borrower Subsidiaries term loan and revolving credit facilities was 8.71% and 7.30%, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, the weighted average interest rate of the Company's various credit facility agreements was 7.7%, 7.4% and 8.75%, respectively. The ATC term loan is due in quarterly installments, commencing June 30, 2001 in amounts equal to 0.25% of the outstanding principal on such quarter ended through June 30, 2006, with the remaining balance due in equal installments on September 30, and December 31, 2006. The Borrower Subsidiaries' revolving credit facility and term loan are due in quarterly installments, commencing June 30, 2001 in amounts varying from 2.5% to 11.25% of outstanding principal, with ultimate maturity on June 30, 2006. Borrowings under the Credit Facilities are conditioned upon the Company's compliance with defined borrowing formulas, which at December 31, 1998 permit borrowing availability of an additional $100 million. The Credit Facilities also require maintenance of various financial covenants and ratios, none of which the Company believes are restrictive to its present or planned business activities. The loans to ATC and the Borrower Subsidiaries are cross- guaranteed and cross-collateralized by substantially all of the assets of ATC. The Borrower Subsidiaries are required to pay quarterly commitment fees depending on their consolidated financial leverage, on the aggregate unused portion of the aggregate commitment. Commitment fees paid related to the Company's various credit facility agreements aggregated approximately $1,172,000, and $416,000 and $24,000 for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In connection with the repayment of existing borrowings with proceeds of borrowings under the Credit Facilities, ATC recognized an extraordinary loss of approximately $1.4 million, net of a tax benefit of $0.9 million during the second quarter of 1998. Following the October 1997 closing of the credit facility, ATC incurred an extraordinary loss of approximately $0.7 million, net of a tax benefit of $0.5 million. The Company also incurred an extraordinary loss in connection with the ATC Preferred Stock Financing. (See Note 8). Derivative Positions--Under the terms of the Credit Facilities, the Company is required, under certain conditions, to enter into interest rate protection agreements. ATC's exposure under these agreements is limited F-12 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) to the impact of variable interest rate fluctuations and the periodic settlement of amounts due under these agreements if the other parties fail to perform. The following interest rate protection agreements were held as of December 31, 1998 (in thousands, except percentages):
Expiration Description Notional Amount Dates Interest Rate ----------- --------------- ------------- ------------- Interest rate cap agreement $ 7,000(1) November 1999 8.5% Interest rate cap agreement 21,500 January 2000 8.5% Interest rate cap agreement 23,750 April 2000 8.5% Interest rate cap agreement 21,610(1) July 2000 9.5% Interest rate swap agreement 7,340(1) January 2001 6.4% Interest rate swap agreement 17,550 June 2003 5.9% ------- Total $98,750 =======
- -------- (1) Interest rate protection agreement also held as of December 31, 1997. Notes Payable--A limited liability company, which is under majority control of the Company, has a note secured by the minority shareholder's interest in the limited liability company. Interest rates under this note are determined, at the option of the limited liability company, at either the Floating Rate (as defined in the note agreement) or the Federal Home Loan BankBoston rate plus 2.25%. As of December 31, 1998 and 1997, the effective interest rate on borrowings under this note was 8.02%. The note is payable in equal monthly principal payments with interest through 2006. In connection with the ATC Merger discussed in Note 9, the Company assumed certain long-term note obligations of the acquired entity including a term note payable that was paid at closing, a $4.4 million noninterest-bearing secured note payable, due in annual installments through December 2000 and a $430,000 noninterest-bearing unsecured note payable, maturing in October 1999. In connection with the Wauka Communications, Inc. and Grid Site Services, Inc. acquisitions described in Note 9, the Company assumed certain long-term note obligations of the acquired entities including term notes payable that were paid at closing, and a $544,000, 12% note payable, due in monthly installments through July 2005. Other Obligations--In connection with various acquisitions, the Company assumed certain long-term obligations of the acquired entities. Substantially all of these obligations were repaid during 1997, with the remaining unpaid obligation payable in monthly installments through 2014. Future principal payments required under the Company's financing arrangements at December 31, 1998 are approximately as follows (in thousands): Year Ending: 1999................................................................ $ 1,652 2000................................................................ 2,698 2001................................................................ 10,723 2002................................................................ 17,361 2003................................................................ 20,507 Thereafter.......................................................... 228,188 -------- Total............................................................. $281,129 ========

F-13 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 5. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES Lease Obligations--The Company leases land and office, tower and satellite space under operating leases that expire over various terms. Many of the leases also contain renewal options with specified increases in lease payments upon exercise of the renewal option. Future minimum rental payments under noncancelable operating leases in effect at December 31, 1998 are approximately as follows (in thousands): Year Ending: 1999................................................................. $11,646 2000................................................................. 11,810 2001................................................................. 10,622 2002................................................................. 8,188 2003................................................................. 5,828 Thereafter........................................................... 40,076 ------- Total.............................................................. $88,170 =======

Aggregate rent expense under operating leases for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996 approximated $10,818,000, $2,110,000 and $420,000, respectively. Customer Leases--The Company's lease agreements with its customers, vary depending upon the industry user. Leases with television and radio broadcasters are typically long-term leases (generally from 15 to 20 years), while leases to wireless communications providers typically have shorter lease terms (generally from five to ten years), with multiple renewals at the option of the tenant. The leases acquired in the ATC merger (see Note 9) tend to be of shorter duration, generally two years, and permit earlier termination if ATC were to attempt to impose price increases relating to escalator provisions. Leases of all lengths are generally renewed by the lessees due to the costs and disruption associated with reconfiguring a wireless network or broadcast location. Most leases have escalator provisions (annual automatic increases based on specified estimated cost measures or on increases in the consumer price index). ATC also subleases space on communications towers under the same terms and conditions, including cancellation rights, as those found in its own lease contracts. Future minimum rental receipts expected to be received from customers under noncancelable operating lease agreements in effect at December 31, 1998 are approximately as follows (in thousands): Year Ending: 1999................................................................ $ 57,214 2000................................................................ 52,459 2001................................................................ 47,739 2002................................................................ 37,491 2003................................................................ 22,494 Thereafter.......................................................... 84,323 -------- Total............................................................. $301,720 ========

Tower rental revenues under the Company's sub-leases approximated $1,072,000, $978,000 and $468,000 for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1997 and 1996, respectively. Acquisition Commitments--See Notes 9 and 12 for information with respect to acquisitions and related commitments. F-14 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) ATC Separation--See Note 1 for the details of the ATC Separation Agreement. Litigation--The Company periodically becomes involved in various claims and lawsuits that are incidental to its business. In the opinion of management, after consultation with counsel, there are no matters currently pending which would, in the event of adverse outcome, have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, the results of operations or liquidity. 6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS During the period that the Company was a majority owned subsidiary of ARS, the Company received revenues of approximately $565,000, $389,000 and $70,000 from ARS for tower rentals at Company-owned sites for the period ending June 4, 1998 (date of ATC Separation) and years ended December 31, 1997 and 1996, respectively. In January 1998, ARS contributed to ATC 19 communications sites used by ARS and various third parties (with an ARS aggregate net book value of approximately $4.7 million), and ARS and ATC entered into leases or subleases of space on the transferred towers. In May 1998, two additional communications sites were transferred and leases were entered into following acquisition by ARS of the sites from third parties. These sites were contributed to ATC at an aggregate ARS net book value of approximately $0.3 million. In June 1998, ARS contributed the majority of its corporate fixed assets to ATC (with an ARS net book value of approximately $1.4 million). Chase Manhattan Bank (Chase), an affiliate of Chase Equity Associates (CEA) and stockholder of the Company, was a lender with a 6.75% participation under the loan agreement entered into by ATI and has a 5.2% participation under the Credit Facilities for the Borrower Subsidiaries. Chase is an affiliate of Chase Capital Partners ("CCP"), the general partner of CEA; a director of ATC and formerly a director of (ARS), is a general partner of CCP. At December 31, 1998, the aggregate principal amount outstanding under the Credit Facilities was approximately $275.0 million. CEA's share of interest and fees paid by ATC pursuant to its various credit arrangements was $0.8 million and $0.2 million in 1998 and 1997. In January 1998, the Company consummated the transactions contemplated by a stock purchase agreement with certain related parties. (See Note 8). In August 1998, an executive officer of the Company received a $1,022,366 demand loan. In December 1998, the officer repaid $700,000 and such interest bearing loan remained outstanding in the principal amount of approximately $322,000 as of December 31, 1998. F-15 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 7. INCOME TAXES The income tax benefit (provision) from continuing operations was comprised of the following for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
1998 1997 1996 --------- ----- ---- Current: Federal.......................................... $(116,322) $ 444 $ 54 State............................................ (18,866) 175 10 Deferred: Federal.......................................... (8,407) (125) (93) State............................................ (841) (21) (16) Less: Deferred tax assets related to corporate tax restructuring (see Note 1).................................... 150,150 Benefit from disposition of stock options recorded to additional paid-in capital.......... (1,223) --------- ----- ---- Income tax benefit (provision)..................... $ 4,491 $ 473 $(45) ========= ===== ====
A reconciliation between the U.S. statutory rate from continuing operations and the effective rate was as follows for the years ended December 31:
1998 1997 1996 ---- ---- ---- Statutory tax rate........................................ 35% 34% 34 % State taxes, net of federal benefit....................... 4 6 6 Non-deductible tower separation expenses ................. (11) Nondeductible goodwill and intangible amortization........ (16) (17) (49) Other..................................................... (1) (1) --- --- --- Effective tax rate........................................ 11% 23% (10)% === === ===
Significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities were composed of the following as of December 31 (in thousands):
1998 1997 -------- ----- Current assets: Allowances and accruals made for financial reporting purposes which are currently nondeductible................. $ 495 $ 63 -------- ----- Total current assets.................................... $ 495 $ 63 ======== ===== Long-term items: Assets: Tax basis step-up from corporate tax restructuring and tax planning strategies...................................... $142,642 Net operating loss carry-forwards......................... 25,477 Liabilities: Property and equipment and intangible assets, principally due to amortization methods..................................... (58,701) $(418) -------- ----- Net long-term deferred tax assets (liabilities)............. $109,418 $(418) ======== =====
F-16 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) At December 31, 1998, the Company has net operating loss carry-forwards available to reduce future taxable income of $66,173,000 for federal and state purposes. These loss carry-forwards expire through 2013. In the opinion of management, deferred tax assets are more likely than not recoverable, therefore a valuation allowance has not been provided in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 1998 and 1997. 8. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY July Offering--On July 8, 1998, the Company completed a public offering of 27,861,987 shares of Class A common stock, $.01 par value per share (including 2,361,987 shares sold by the Company pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option) at $23.50 per share. Certain selling stockholders sold an additional 3,874,911 shares in the offering. The Company's net proceeds of the offering (after deduction of the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses) were approximately $625.0 million. On July 9, 1998, the Company used approximately $306.1 million of the net proceeds from the offering to redeem all of the outstanding shares of the Interim Preferred Stock described below. The balance was invested in short- term investment grade securities and will be used, together with borrowings under the Credit Facilities, to fund future acquisitions and construction activities. ATC Preferred Stock Financing--On June 4, 1998, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement (the Interim Financing Agreement) with respect to a preferred stock financing which provided for the issuance and sale by ATC of up to $400.0 million of Series A Redeemable Pay-In-Kind Preferred Stock (the Interim Preferred Stock) to finance ATC's obligation to CBS with respect to tax reimbursement. The Company issued $300.0 million of Interim Preferred Stock, which accrued dividends at a rate equal to the three-month LIBOR then in effect (approximately 5.69%) plus an agreed upon adjustable spread (5.0% for the period in which the obligation was outstanding). Due to the short term nature of the issue, accrued dividends were recorded as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Such interest expense approximated $3.1 million for the year ended December 31, 1998. The Interim Preferred Stock was redeemed on July 9, 1998 at a redemption price equal to $1,010 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends for an aggregate redemption value of $306.1 million. The Company incurred an extraordinary loss of approximately $7.5 million, net of a tax benefit of $5.0 million, during the third quarter of 1998, representing the write-off of certain commitment, deferred financing and redemption fees. ATC Stock Purchase Agreement--On January 22, 1998, the Company consummated the transactions contemplated by the stock purchase agreement (the ATC Stock Purchase Agreement), dated as of January 8, 1998, with Steven B. Dodge, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer of ARS and ATC, and certain other officers and directors of ARS (or their affiliates or family members or family trusts), pursuant to which those persons purchased 8.0 million shares of ATC common stock at a purchase price of $10.00 per share for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $80.0 million, including 4.0 million shares by Mr. Dodge for $40.0 million. Payment of the purchase price was in the form of cash aggregating approximately $30.6 million and in the form of notes aggregating approximately $49.4 million which were repaid upon the consummation of the ATC Separation. Voting Rights--The Class A and B common stock entitles the holder to one and ten votes, respectively, per share. The Class C common stock is non-voting. Recapitalization--In November 1997, the Company effected a recapitalization, pursuant to which each share of the Company's existing common stock was cancelled and the Company was recapitalized with 29,667,883 shares of Class A common stock, 4,670,626 shares of Class B common stock and 1,295,518 shares of Class C common stock. Stock Option Plans--Effective November 5, 1997, ATC instituted the 1997 Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated on April 27, 1998 (the Plan), which is administered by the Compensation Committee of the ATC Board. F-17 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The option pool under the Plan consists of an aggregate of 15,000,000 shares of common stock that may consist of shares of Class A common stock, shares of Class B common stock or some combination thereof. The Plan was amended in June 1998 to provide that all future grants of options under the Plan must be to purchase shares of Class A common stock. The Plan includes options that were converted from the stock option plan of ATI. In July 1996, ATI adopted a stock option plan and, pursuant thereto, options were granted to various officers of ATI. In connection with the ATC Separation, those options to purchase the common stock of ATI were converted into options to acquire shares of Class A common stock under the Plan. The Company has reserved 18,140,316 shares of common stock for issuance under the Plan and the circumstances discussed below. In addition to the 15,000,000 shares authorized under the Plan, options to purchase an aggregate of 2,168,466 shares of Class A common stock and Class B common stock were outstanding as of December 31, 1998 outside of the Plan. These options are the result of the exchange of certain ARS options that occurred pursuant to the ATC Separation and assumption of certain options that occurred pursuant to the ATC Merger described in Note 9. Each unexercised option to purchase shares of ARS common stock held by persons who became directors or employees of ATC were exchanged for ATC options. The ARS options were exchanged in a manner that preserved the spread in such ARS options between the option exercise price and the fair market value of ARS common stock and the ratio of the spread to the exercise price prior to such conversion. In connection with the OmniAmerica Merger described in Note 12, ATC assumed approximately 1.0 million Omni options that are not included in the Plan. Exercise prices in the case of incentive stock options are not less than the fair value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant. Exercise prices in the case of non-qualified stock options are set at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors. Options vest ratably over various periods, generally five years, commencing one year from the date of grant. There have been no option grants at exercise prices less than fair value. The following table summarizes the Company's option activity for the periods presented:
Weighted Weighted Average Average Exercise Options Remaining Options Price Exercisable Life (Years) ---------- ---------------- ----------- ------------ Granted during 1996 and outstanding at December 31, 1996............... 550,000 $ 5.00 160,000 8.71 Granted................. 172,000 $7.50-$ 8.00 9.24 Cancelled............... (40,000) $ 5.00 ---------- ------------ --------- ---- Outstanding as of Decem- ber 31, 1997........... 682,000(a) $ 5.68 160,000 8.89 ========== ============ ========= ==== Options converted from ATI to ATC Plan........ 931,332(a) $ 4.16 252,640 7.88 Options transferred from American Radio......... 1,862,806 $ 6.21 723,660 7.06 Options transferred in connection with ATC Merger (See Note 9).... 1,252,364 $ 2.29 537,339 8.00 ---------- ------------ --------- ---- Subtotal................ 4,046,502 $ 4.53 1,513,639 7.44 ---------- ------------ --------- ---- Granted................. 8,371,700 $16.16 Exercised............... (1,103,213) $ 2.48 Cancellations........... (226,894) $ 8.80 ---------- ------------ --------- ---- Outstanding as of December 31, 1998...... 11,088,095 $13.43 1,513,639 8.85 ========== ============ ========= ==== (a) ATI options outstanding as of December 31, 1997 were converted to 931,332 ATC options.
F-18 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The following table sets forth information regarding options outstanding at December 31, 1998:
Outstanding Weighted Average Number of Options Range of Exercise Weighted Average Remaining Life Options Exercisable Price Per Share Exercise Price Per Share (Years) ----------- ----------- ----------------- ------------------------ ---------------- 2,424,420 1,432,301 $ 2.05-$ 8.77 $ 4.65 7.34 411,838 81,338 $ 9.09-$ 9.09 $ 9.09 8.01 2,847,803 $10.00-$10.00 $10.00 9.01 1,737,934 $13.00-$19.75 $13.94 9.22 3,666,100 $21.13-$26.50 $22.13 9.65 ---------- --------- ------------- ------ ---- 11,088,095 1,513,639 $ 2.05-$26.50 $13.43 8.85 ========== ========= ============= ====== ====
Pro Forma Disclosure--As described in Note 1, the Company uses the intrinsic value method to measure compensation expense associated with grants of stock options or awards to employees. Accordingly, there is no compensation cost related to option grants reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Had the Company used the fair value method to measure compensation for grants under all plans made in 1998, 1997 and 1996, the reported net loss and basic and diluted loss per common share would have been as follows (in thousands, except per share amounts):
1998 1997 1996 -------- ------- ----- ~~Net loss........................................... $(62,439) $(2,492) $(568) Basic and diluted earnings per share............... $(0.78) $(0.05) $(.01)~~
The "fair value" of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black/Scholes option pricing model. Key assumptions used to apply this pricing model are as follows:
1998 1996 and 1997 ------- ------------- Approximate risk-free interest rate................... 5.5% 6.3% Expected life of option grants........................ 5 years 5 years Expected volatility of underlying stock............... 177.5% N/A Expected dividends.................................... N/A N/A
9. ACQUISITIONS General--The acquisitions consummated during 1998 and 1997 have been accounted for by the purchase method of accounting. The purchase prices have been allocated to the net assets acquired, principally intangible and tangible assets, and the liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess of purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill and other intangible assets. For certain acquisitions the financial statements reflect the preliminary allocation of purchase prices as the appraisals of the assets acquired have not been finalized. The Company does not expect any changes in depreciation and amortization as a result of such appraisals to be material to the consolidated results of operations. 1998 Acquisitions--During the year ended December 31, 1998, the Company acquired various communications sites and a major site acquisition business for an aggregate preliminary purchase price of approximately $853.8 million, including the issuance of approximately 36.3 million shares of Class A common stock valued at approximately $382.6 million. The following describes the more significant acquisitions: F-19 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) In January 1998, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of Gearon & Co. Inc. (Gearon), a company based in Atlanta, Georgia, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $80.0 million. The purchase price consisted on approximately $32.0 million in cash, assumed liabilities and the issuance of approximately 5.3 million shares of Class A common stock at a price of $9.00 per share. Gearon is engaged in site acquisition, development, construction and facility management of wireless network communication facilities. In January 1998, ATC acquired all the outstanding stock of OPM-USA-INC. (OPM), a company that owned and developed communications towers, and owned approximately 90 towers at the time of acquisition (the OPM Transaction). The initial purchase price was variable based on the number of towers developed for ATC and the forward looking cash flow of such towers. Subsequently, in December 1998, the purchase price was fixed at $70.0 million excluding the assumption of certain liabilities. The final price included a total of more than 150 towers and a right of first refusal granted to American Tower with respect to, any towers that the former owner of OPM develops. The final payment due to OPM of approximately $21.9 million is recorded as accrued acquisition purchase price in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. In May 1998, the Company consummated the acquisition of the assets relating to the teleport business serving the Washington D.C. area for approximately $30.5 million. On June 8, 1998, the Company consummated the American Tower Corporation Merger (ATC Merger) pursuant to which that entity was merged into ATC. The preliminary purchase price was approximately $470.0 million. At the time of closing, the acquired company owned approximately 775 communications towers and managed approximately 125 communications towers. In conjunction with the ATC Merger, the Company issued 28,782,386 shares of Class A common stock valued at approximately $287.8 million (excluding 1,252,364 shares of common stock reserved for options held by former employees of the acquired company valued at approximately $9.7 million) and assumed approximately $4.5 million of redeemable preferred stock (which was paid at closing) and $122.7 million of debt (of which approximately $118.3 million, including interest and associated fees, was paid at closing). The purchase price also includes acquisition costs, assumed working capital and deferred income taxes. The Company borrowed $57.0 million under the then existing credit agreements to fund a portion of the debt pay-off. Upon consummation of the ATC Merger, the Company changed its name from American Tower Systems Corporation to American Tower Corporation. In June 1998, the Company merged with a company owning a broadcasting tower in the Boston, Massachusetts area and issued 720,000 shares of Class A common stock valued at approximately $18.0 million to close the transaction. In addition, under a put agreement that was consummated in connection with the merger, the sellers have the right to require the Company to purchase, at any time prior to June 5, 1999, any or all shares of Class A common stock received pursuant to consummation of the merger for a purchase price equal to the then current market price. In connection with the public offering described in Note 8, the sellers sold 383,750 of the 720,000 shares in July 1998 reducing the Company's overall redemption obligation. Accordingly, the remaining 336,250 shares have been recorded as redeemable Class A common stock in the accompanying consolidated financial statements based on the December 31, 1998 fair market value of $29.5625 per share. In October 1998, the Company acquired approximately 300 towers and certain tower related assets in six transactions for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $100.2 million. The most significant transactions included the acquisition of 166 Atlanta, Georgia area towers. These transactions included the acquisition of all the outstanding stock of Wauka Communications, Inc. and the assets of Grid Site Services, Inc. The consideration in these related transactions included the issuance of 1,430,881 shares of Class A common stock, subject to certain escrow adjustments. Included in the total 300 towers referenced above, the Company also required 137 communications sites and tower related assets in the four other transactions. F-20 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) In October 1998, the Company contributed cash and a tower aggregating $12.6 million to ATS-Needham LLC, (ATS Needham), a limited liability company in which ATC owned a 50.1% interest prior to such transactions. ATS Needham also sold certain assets to the minority interest party. As a result of these transactions, ATC now owns an 80% interest in ATS Needham. 1997 Acquisitions--During the year ended December 31, 1997, ATC acquired various communications sites, the assets of several affiliated site acquisition businesses, and two tower site management businesses located in southern California and South Carolina for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $180.4 million. The following describes the most significant acquisitions: In October 1997, the Company acquired two affiliated entities operating approximately 110 tower sites and a tower site management business located principally in northern California for approximately $45.0 million. In October 1997, the Company acquired 128 tower sites and certain video, voice, data and Internet transport operations for approximately $70.25 million. In July 1997, the Company acquired the assets of three affiliated entities which owned and operated approximately fifty towers and a tower site management business in southern California for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $33.5 million. In May 1997, the Company acquired the assets of two affiliated companies engaged in the site acquisition business in various locations in the United States for approximately $13.0 million. In May 1997, the Company and an unaffiliated party formed a limited liability company to own and operate communication towers which will be constructed on over 50 tower sites in northern California. The Company advanced approximately $0.8 million to this entity and currently owns a 70% interest in the entity, with the remaining 30% owned by an unaffiliated party. The accounts of the limited liability company are included in the consolidated financial statements with the other party's investment reflected as minority interest in subsidiary. Unaudited Pro Forma Operating Results--The operating results of these acquisitions have been included in the Company's consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition. The following unaudited pro forma summary presents the consolidated results of operations as if the acquisitions had occurred as of January 1, 1997 after giving effect to certain adjustments, including depreciation and amortization of assets and interest expense on debt incurred to fund the acquisitions. These unaudited pro forma results have been prepared for comparative purposes only and do not purport to be indicative of what would have occurred had the acquisitions been made as of January 1, 1997 or results which may occur in the future.
1998 1997 -------- -------- (In thousands, except per share data- unaudited) Operating revenues....................................... $126,919 $116,288 Loss before extraordinary losses......................... (53,755) (41,412) Net loss................................................. (62,647) (42,106) Basic and diluted loss per common share.................. (0.67) (0.53)
F-21 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 10. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION Supplemental cash flow information and noncash investing and financing activities are as follows (in thousands):
1998 1997 1996 -------- ------ ------- Supplemental cash flow information: Cash paid during the period for interest (including amounts capitalized).............................. $ 23,011 $2,398 $ 91 Cash paid during the period for income taxes (including amounts paid to CBS)................... 212,196 125 Noncash investing and financing activities: Property, equipment and other assets transferred from ARS.......................................... 6,489 51 11,103 Property and equipment transferred to ARS.......... (724) Land transferred to Parent......................... (1,100) Deferred financing costs paid by ARS............... 1,255 Investment in affiliate paid by ARS................ 325 Issuance of common stock and assumption of options for acquisitions.................................. 392,226 Increase in deferred tax assets from corporate tax restructuring..................................... 150,150 Increase in due to CBS Corporation from estimated remaining tax liabilities......................... 5,021 Adjustment to equity for CBS tax liability......... 61,715 Accrual for final payment for OPM merger........... 21,914 Tax benefit from disposition of stock options recorded to additional paid in capital............ 1,223 Details of acquisitions financed by ARS.............. Purchase price of net assets acquired.............. 20,954 Liabilities assumed................................ (2,220) Stock issued by ARS................................ (8,153) ------- Cash paid by ARS................................... 10,581 Less: cash acquired................................ (1,600) ------- Net cash paid by ARS for acquisitions.............. $ 8,981 =======
11. BUSINESS SEGMENTS The Company operates in three business segments: tower rental and management (TRM), Services, and video, voice, data and Internet transmission services (VVDI). The TRM segment provides for leasing and subleasing of antennae sites on multi-tenant towers for a diverse range of wireless communication industries, including personal communication services, paging, cellular, enhanced specialized mobile radio, specialized mobile radio and fixed microwave, as well as radio and television broadcasters. The Services segment offers a broad range of network development services, including network design, site acquisition and construction, zoning and other regulatory approvals, tower construction and antennae installation. The VVDI segment offers transmission services in the New York City to Washington, D.C. corridor and in Texas. The accounting policies applied in compiling segment information below are similar to those described in Note 1. In evaluating financial performance, management focuses on operating profit (loss) excluding depreciation and amortization and corporate general and administrative expenses. This measure of operating profit (loss) is also before tower separation expenses, interest income, interest expense, minority interest in net earnings (loss) of subsidiaries, income taxes and extraordinary items. F-22 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) The Company's reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different services. They are managed separately because each segment requires different resources and marketing strategies. All segments operate exclusively in the United States. In addition, all reported segment revenues are generated from external customers. Summarized financial information concerning the Company's reportable segments is shown in the following table. The "Other" column below represents amounts excluded from specific segments such as income taxes corporate general and administrative expenses, tower separation expenses, depreciation and amortization and interest. In addition, other also includes corporate assets such as cash and cash equivalents, tangible and intangible assets, and income tax accounts which have not been allocated to specific segments (in thousands).
TRM Services VVDI Other Total -------- -------- ------- -------- ---------- 1998 Revenues...................... $ 60,505 $23,315 $19,724 $ 103,544 Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and extraordinary losses..... 31,050 3,836 6,907 $(84,234) (42,441) Assets........................ 979,349 91,444 64,359 367,191 1,502,343 Capital expenditures.......... 118,926 61 3,405 4,063 126,455 Depreciation and amortization................. 37,698 7,038 4,887 2,441 52,064 1997 Revenues...................... $13,302 $ 2,122 $ 2,084 $ 17,508 Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and extraordinary losses..... 7,222 762 811 $(10,844) (2,049) Assets........................ 223,202 12,032 13,549 6,574 255,357 Capital expenditures.......... 20,145 19 69 381 20,614 Depreciation and amortization................. 4,583 1,073 556 114 6,326 1996 Revenues...................... $ 2,897 $ 2,897 Income (loss) before benefit (provision) for income taxes and extraordinary losses..... 1,455 $ (1,889) (434) Assets........................ 36,691 426 37,117 Depreciation and amortization................. 990 990
F-23 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued) 12. OTHER TRANSACTIONS Consummated Transactions: February Offering: On February 9, 1999, American Tower completed a public offering (the February Offering) of 25,700,000 shares of Class A common stock, $.01 par value per share (including 1,700,000 shares sold by ATC pursuant to the exercise in full of the underwriters' over-allotment option) at $25.00 per share. Certain selling stockholders sold an additional 1,300,000 shares in the offering. ATC's net proceeds of the offering (after deduction of the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses) were approximately $619.3 million. ATC invested the proceeds in short-term investment grade securities. ATC will continue to use such investments together with borrowings under the Credit Facilities to fund acquisitions and construction activities. February Private Placement: On February 9, 1999, American Tower consummated the sale (the February Private Placement) of 500,000 shares of Class A common stock to Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation at $26.31 per share, the closing price of the Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on February 4, 1999, the date the stock purchase agreement was executed. In connection with such sale, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation was granted certain registration rights. ATC invested the proceeds of approximately $13.2 million in short-term investment grade securities. ATC will continue to use such investments together with borrowings under the Credit Facilities to fund acquisitions and construction activities. Consummated Acquisitions: Since January 1, 1999, ATC has acquired various communications sites and businesses for an aggregate preliminary purchase price of approximately $746.0 million, including the issuance of approximately 20.7 million shares of Class A common stock valued (at the time of the relevant agreement) at $454.8 million. The most significant transactions are described below as the Omni Merger and TeleCom Merger. Omni Merger: In February 1999, ATC consummated the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated November 16, 1998 (the Omni Merger Agreement) with OmniAmerica, Inc., (Omni), and ATI, pursuant to which Omni merged with and into ATI, which was the surviving corporation (the Omni Merger). Omni owns, manages and develops multi-use telecommunications sites for radio and television broadcasting, paging, cellular, PCS and other wireless technologies and offers nationwide, turn-key tower construction and installation services through its Specialty Constructors subsidiary. Omni owns or co-owns 223 towers in 24 states including 12 towers on ten sites managed for third-party owners. Pursuant to the Omni Merger, Omni stockholders received 1.1 shares of ATC Class A common stock for each share of Omni common stock. In the aggregate, ATC exchanged approximately 16.8 million shares of ATC Class A common stock in exchange for the approximately 15.2 million shares of Omni common stock, plus the assumption of debt of which approximately $94.3 million was paid off at closing. Consideration for the merger also included the assumption of employee stock options exercisable for approximately 1.0 million shares of ATC Class A common stock. TeleCom Merger: In February 1999, ATC consummated the Agreement and Plan of Merger dated November 16, 1998 (the TeleCom Merger Agreement) with TeleCom Towers, L.L.C., (TeleCom) and ATI, pursuant to which a newly organized subsidiary of ATI merged with and into TeleCom, which was the surviving corporation (the TeleCom Merger). TeleCom owns, or co-owns, approximately 271 towers and manages another 121 revenue-generating sites in 27 states. Pursuant to the TeleCom Merger Agreement, as amended on December 18, 1998, ATC paid a purchase price of approximately $188.9 million, subject to adjustment for closing date working capital. ATC paid approximately $60.1 million in cash, issued approximately 3.9 million shares of Class A common stock and assumed approximately $48.4 million of debt, of which approximately $44.2 million was paid at closing. F-24 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Concluded) Pending Transactions: ATC is a party to various agreements relating to the acquisition and construction of towers for third parties which involve an aggregate purchase price (a portion of which is payable in shares of Class A common stock) of between $6.0 million and $30.0 million, depending, in certain cases, on the cash flow of the towers to be acquired and the actual number of towers to be built. Such transactions are subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including, possibly, the expiration or earlier termination of the HSR Act waiting period and most are scheduled to close in the spring or summer of 1999. The Company is also pursuing the acquisitions of tower properties and tower businesses in new and existing locations although there are no definitive material agreements with respect thereto. 13. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (UNAUDITED) Selected quarterly financial data for the years ended December 31, 1998 and 1997 is as follows:
Three Months Ended --------------------------------------------- June March 31, 30, September 30, December 31, --------- ------- ------------- ------------ (in thousands, except per share data) 1998: Operating revenues.............. $17,925 $23,082 $30,478 $ 32,059 Gross profit(1)................. 628 (1,210) (3,457) (6,232) Loss before extraordinary items.......................... (1,527) (18,417) (5,958) (12,048) Net loss........................ (1,527) (19,799) (13,468) (12,048) Basic and diluted per common share:(2) Loss before extraordinary losses........................ ($0.03) ($0.33) ($0.06) ($0.11) Net loss....................... ($0.03) ($0.35) ($0.13) ($0.11) 1997: Operating revenues.............. $ 1,366 $ 2,015 $ 4,521 $ 9,606 Gross profit(1)................. 324 426 857 862 Loss before extraordinary item.. (58) (106) (544) (868) Net loss........................ (58) (106) (544) (1,562) Basic and diluted per common share:(2) Loss before extraordinary loss.......................... ($0.00) ($0.00) ($0.01) ($0.02) Net loss....................... ($0.00) ($0.00) ($0.01) ($0.03)
- -------- (1) Represents operating revenues less operating expenses excluding corporate general and administrative expenses and tower separation expenses. (2) Prior to June 4, 1998 (the ATC Separation), basic and diluted loss per common share information is computed using the 48,732,000 shares that were outstanding upon consummation of the ATC Separation. * * * * F-25 EXHIBIT INDEX Listed below are the exhibits which are filed as part of this Form 10-K (according to the number assigned to them in Item 601 of Regulation S-K). Each exhibit marked by a (*) is incorporated by reference to ATC's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-46025) filed on February 10, 1998. Each exhibit marked by a (+) is incorporated by reference to ATC's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-50111) filed on May 8, 1998. Each exhibit marked by a (++) is incorporated by reference to the filing of Amendment No. 2 to ATC's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-52481) filed on June 30, 1998. Each exhibit marked by a (**) is incorporated by reference to the filing of ATC's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 30, 1998. Each exhibit marked by a (***) is incorporated by reference to the filing of ATC's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 8, 1999. Each exhibit marked by a (+++) is incorporated by reference to ATC's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-76083) filed on January 15, 1999. Each Exhibit marked by a (++++) is incorporated by reference from Registration Statement (333-70881) on January 21, 1999. Each exhibit marked by a (****) is incorporated by reference to the filing of Amendment No. 1 to ATC's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-70881) filed on February 3, 1999. Each exhibit marked by a (+++++) is incorporated by reference to the filing of ATC's Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed on March 18, 1999. Exhibit numbers in parenthesis refer to the exhibit number in the applicable filing.
Exhibit No. Description of Document Exhibit File No. ------- ----------------------- ---------------- 2.1 Amendment No. 1 to Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of January 22, 1998, among ATS, American Tower Systems (Delaware), Inc., a Delaware corporation (formerly known as American Tower Systems, Inc.), Gearon and the Gearon Stockholder....................................... (*2.2) 2.2 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 16, 1998, by and among ATC, American Towers, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of ATC and a Delaware corporation ("ATI"), and OmniAmerica, Inc., a Delaware corporation (Schedules and Exhibits omitted).......................................... (**2.1) 2.3 Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of November 16, 1998, by and among ATC, ATI and TeleCom Towers, L.L.C., a Delaware limited liability company ("TeleCom") (Schedules and Exhibits omitted).......................................... (**2.2) 2.4 Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 18, 1998, by and among ATC, ATI, ATC Merger Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("ATMC"), and TeleCom (Schedules and Exhibits omitted)................................. (***2.1) 2.5 Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 23, 1998, by and among ATC, ATI, ATMC, and TeleCom............. (***2.2) 2.6 Amendment to the Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of February 26, 1999, by and among ATC, ATI, ATMC and TeleCom ............. (+++++2.1) 3(i).1 Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATC, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 5, 1998.......................... (++3(i).1) 3(i).2 Certificate of Designation relating to Exchange Pay-In-Kind Preferred Stock as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 4, 1998...................................... (++3(i).2) 3(i).3 Certificate of Designation relating to Series A Redeemable Pay-In-Kind Preferred Stock, as filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on June 4, 1998.......................... (++3(i).3)

Exhibit Exhibit File No. Description of Document No. ------- ----------------------- ------------ 3(ii).1 By-Laws of ATC....................................... Filed herewith as Exhibit 3(ii).1 10.1 Parent Loan Agreement, dated as of June 16, 1998, by and among ATC, Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the Lenders parties thereto (the "Parent Loan Agreement")............... (++10.1) 10.1A First Amendment to the Parent Loan Agreement, dated as of October 30, 1998, by and among ATC, Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the Lenders Parties thereto......................... (+++10.1A) 10.2A ATS Facility A Loan Agreement, dated as of June 16, 1998 among American Tower Systems, L.P. ("ATSLP") and ATSI, as borrowers, and Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the Banks parties thereto (the "Facility A Loan Agreement")......................................... (++10.2A) 10.2B ATS Facility B Loan Agreement, dated as of June 16, 1998, by and among ATSLP and ATSI, as borrowers, and Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., and the Banks parties thereto (the "Facility B Loan Agreement")... (++10.2B) 10.3 First Amendment to the ATS Facility A Loan Agreement, dated as of October 30, 1998 among ATSLP and ATI, as borrowers, and Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the Banks parties thereto............................................. (+++10.3) 10.4 First Amendment to the ATS Facility B Loan Agreement, dated as of October 30, 1998 among ATSLP and ATI, as borrowers, and Toronto Dominion (Texas), Inc., as Administrative Agent, and the Banks parties thereto............................................. (+++10.4) 10.5 American Tower Systems Corporation 1997 Stock Option Plan, dated as of November 5, 1997, as amended and restated on April 27, 1998.......................... (+10.26) 10.6 American Tower Systems Corporation Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 8, 1998, by and among ATC and the Purchasers.............................. (*10.27) 10.7 Employment Agreement, dated as of January 22, 1988, by and between ATI and J. Michael Gearon, Jr........ (*10.28) 10.8 Letter of Agreement, dated as of April 13, 1998, by and between ATC and Douglas Wiest................... (+++10.22) 10.9 ARS-ATS Separation Agreement, dated as of June 4, 1998 by and among American Radio Systems Corporation, a Delaware Corporation ("ARS"), ATC, and CBS Corporation................................. (++10.30) 10.10 Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of June 4, 1998, by and among ATC, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation and each of the Purchasers named therein............................................. (++10.30) 10.11 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of June 4, 1998, by and among ATC, Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation and each of the Parties named therein... (++10.31)

Exhibit Exhibit File No. Description of Document No. ------- ----------------------- ------------ 10.11 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 22, Incorporated 1998, by and among ATC and each of the Parties named by reference therein.............................................. to Exhibit 10.3 from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (File No. 001-14194) dated August 14, 1998 10.12 Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 4, Filed herewith 1999, by and among ATC and Credit Suisse First Boston as Exhibit Corporation.......................................... 10.13 10.13 Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of February 4, Filed herewith 1999, by and among ATC and Credit Suisse First Boston as Exhibit Corporation ......................................... 10.14 10.14 Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement, (+++++10.1) dated as of February 25, 1999, by and among ATC and each of the Parties named therein.................... 21 Subsidiaries of ATC................................... Filed herewith as Exhibit 21 23 Independent Auditors' Consent--Deloitte & Touche LLP.. Filed herewith as Exhibit 23 27 Financial Data Schedule............................... Filed herewith as Exhibit 27

EXHIBIT 3(ii).1 BY-LAWS OF AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION (a Delaware Corporation) AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION (a Delaware Corporation) BY-LAWS TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ---- ARTICLE I. OFFICES .......................................... 1 SECTION 1. Registered Office ................................ 1 SECTION 2. Other Offices .................................... 1 ARTICLE II. SEAL ............................................. 1 ARTICLE III. MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS ......................... 1 SECTION 1. Place of Meeting ................................. 1 SECTION 2. Annual Meetings .................................. 1 SECTION 3. Special Meetings ................................. 2 SECTION 4. Notice ........................................... 2 SECTION 5. Quorum and Adjournments .......................... 2 SECTION 6. Votes; Proxies ................................... 3 SECTION 7. Organization ..................................... 4 SECTION 8. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting ....... 4 ARTICLE IV. DIRECTORS ........................................ 5 SECTION 1. Number ........................................... 5 SECTION 2. Term of Office ................................... 5 SECTION 3. Vacancies ........................................ 5 SECTION 4. Removal by Stockholders .......................... 5 SECTION 5. Meetings ......................................... 5 SECTION 6. Votes ............................................ 6 SECTION 7. Quorum and Adjournment ........................... 6 SECTION 8. Compensation ..................................... 6 SECTION 9. Action By Consent of Directors ................... 6 ARTICLE V. COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS .......................... 7 SECTION 1. Executive Committee .............................. 7 SECTION 2. Audit Committee .................................. 8 SECTION 3. Other Committees ................................. 9 SECTION 4. Term of Office ................................... 9 ARTICLE VI. OFFICERS ......................................... 10 SECTION 1. Officers ......................................... 10 SECTION 2. Vacancies ........................................ 10 SECTION 3. Chairman of the Board ............................ 10 SECTION 4. President ........................................ 10 SECTION 5. Executive Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents .... 10 SECTION 6. Secretary ........................................ 10 SECTION 7. Assistant Secretaries ............................ 11 SECTION 8. Treasurer ........................................ 11 SECTION 9. Assistant Treasurers ............................. 11 SECTION 10. Controller ....................................... 11 SECTION 11. Assistant Controller ............................. 11 SECTION 12. Subordinate Officers ............................. 11 SECTION 13. Compensation ..................................... 12 SECTION 14. Removal .......................................... 12 SECTION 15. Bonds ............................................ 12 ARTICLE VII. CERTIFICATES OF STOCK ............................ 12 SECTION 1. Form and Execution of Certificates ............... 12 SECTION 2. Transfer of Shares ............................... 13 SECTION 3. Closing of Transfer Books ........................ 13 SECTION 4. Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record ........................................ 13 SECTION 5. Lost or Destroyed Certificates ................... 14 SECTION 6. Uncertificated Shares ............................ 15 ARTICLE VIII. EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS ........................... 15 SECTION 1. Execution of Checks, Notes, etc .................. 15 SECTION 2. Execution of Contracts, Assignments, etc ......... 15 SECTION 3. Execution of Proxies ............................. 15 ARTICLE IX. INSPECTION OF BOOKS .............................. 16 ARTICLE X. FISCAL YEAR ...................................... 16 ARTICLE XI. AMENDMENTS ....................................... 16 ARTICLE XII. INDEMNIFICATION .................................. 16 SECTION 1. Indemnification .................................. 16 SECTION 2. Authorization .................................... 17 SECTION 3. Expense Advance .................................. 18 SECTION 4. Nonexclusivity ................................... 18 SECTION 5. Insurance ........................................ 18 SECTION 6. "The Corporation" ................................ 18 SECTION 7. Other Indemnification ............................ 19 SECTION 8. Other Definitions ................................ 19 SECTION 9. Continuation of Indemnification .................. 19 SECTION 10. Amendment or Repeal .............................. 19 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION (a Delaware Corporation) ---- BY-LAWS ---- ARTICLE I ---- OFFICES SECTION 1. Registered Office. The registered office of the Corporation ----------------- shall be located in Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware, and the name of the resident agent in charge thereof shall be Corporation Service Company. SECTION 2. Other Offices. The Corporation may also have offices at such ------------- other places, within or without the State of Delaware, as the Board of Directors may from time to time appoint or the business of the Corporation may require. ARTICLE II ---------- SEAL The seal of the Corporation shall, subject to alteration by the Board of Directors, consist of a flat-faced circular die with the word "Delaware", together with the name of the Corporation and the year of incorporation, cut or engraved thereon. ARTICLE III ----------- MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS SECTION 1. Place of Meeting. Meetings of the stockholders shall be held ---------------- either within or without the State of Delaware at such place as the Board of Directors may fix from time to time. SECTION 2. Annual Meetings. The annual meeting of stockholders shall be --------------- held for the election of directors on such date and at such time as the Board of Directors may fix from time to time. Any other proper business may be transacted at the annual meeting. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 2 SECTION 3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the stockholders for ---------------- any purpose or purposes may be called by the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, the President or by the directors (either by written instrument signed by a majority or by resolution adopted by a vote of the majority), and special meetings shall be called by the President or the Secretary whenever stockholders owning a majority of the capital stock issued, outstanding and entitled to vote so request in writing. Such request of stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes of the proposed meeting. SECTION 4. Notice. Written or printed notice of every meeting of ------ stockholders, annual or special, stating the hour, date and place thereof, and the purpose or purposes in general terms for which the meeting is called shall, not less than ten (10) days, or such longer period as shall be provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, or otherwise, and not more than sixty (60) days before such meeting, be served upon or mailed to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat, at the address of such stockholder as it appears upon the stock records of the Corporation or, if such stockholder shall have filed with the Secretary of the Corporation a written request that notices be mailed to some other address, then to the address designated in such request. Notice of the hour, date, place and purpose of any meeting of stockholders may be dispensed with if every stockholder entitled to vote thereat shall attend either in person or by proxy and shall not, at the beginning of the meeting, object to the holding of such meeting because the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened, or if every absent stockholder entitled to such notice shall in writing, filed with the records of the meeting, either before or after the holding thereof, waive such notice. SECTION 5. Quorum and Adjournments. Except as otherwise provided by law ----------------------- or by the Certificate of Incorporation, the presence in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders of the holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, shall be requisite and shall constitute a quorum. If two or more classes of stock are entitled to vote as separate classes upon any question, then, in the case of each such class, a quorum for the consideration of such question shall, except as otherwise provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation, consist of a majority in interest of all stock of that class issued, outstanding and entitled to vote. If a majority of the shares of capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat or, where a larger quorum is required, such quorum, shall not be represented at any meeting of the stockholders regularly called, the holders of a majority of the shares present or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereat shall have power to adjourn the meeting to another time, or to another time and place, without notice other than announcement of adjournment at the meeting, and there may be successive adjournments for like cause and in like manner until the requisite amount of shares entitled to vote at such meeting shall be represented; provided, however, that if the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, notice of the hour, date and place of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote thereat. Subject to the requirements of law and the Certificate of Incorporation, on any issue on which two or more classes of stock are entitled to vote separately, no adjournment shall be taken with respect to any class for which a quorum is By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 3 present unless the Chairman of the meeting otherwise directs. At any meeting held to consider matters which were subject to adjournment for want of a quorum at which the requisite amount of shares entitled to vote thereat shall be represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. SECTION 6. Votes; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided in the -------------- Certificate of Incorporation, at each meeting of stockholders, every stockholder of record at the closing of the transfer books, if closed, or on the date set by the Board of Directors for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote which is registered in such stockholder's name on the books of the Corporation, and, in the election of directors, may vote cumulatively to the extent, if any, and in the manner authorized in the Certificate of Incorporation. At each such meeting every stockholder entitled to vote shall be entitled to do so in person, or by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing or as otherwise permitted by law subscribed by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three (3) years prior to the meeting in question, unless said instrument provides for a longer period during which it is to remain in force. A duly executed proxy shall be irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A proxy may be made irrevocable regardless of whether the interest with which it is coupled is an interest in the stock itself or any interest in the Corporation generally. A stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the meeting and voting in person or by filing with the Secretary of the Corporation an instrument in writing or as otherwise permitted by law revoking the proxy or another duly executed proxy bearing a later date. Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot and, except as otherwise provided by law, need not be conducted by inspectors of election unless so determined by the Chairman of the meeting or by the holders of shares of stock having a majority of the votes which could be cast by the holders of all outstanding shares of stock entitled to vote thereon which are present in person or represented by proxy at such meeting. If it is required or determined that inspectors of election be appointed, the Chairman shall appoint two inspectors of election, who shall first take and subscribe an oath or affirmation faithfully to execute the duties of inspectors at such meeting with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability. The inspectors so appointed shall take charge of the polls and, after the balloting, shall make a certificate of the result of the vote taken. No director or candidate for the office of director shall be appointed as such inspector. At any meeting at which a quorum is present, a plurality of the votes properly cast for election to fill any vacancy on the Board of Directors shall be sufficient to elect a candidate to fill such vacancy, and a majority of the votes properly cast upon any other question shall decide the question, except in any case where a larger vote is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, or otherwise. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 4 SECTION 7. Organization. The Chairman of the Board, if there be one, or ------------ in his or her absence the Vice Chairman, or in the absence of a Vice Chairman, the President, or in the absence of the President, a Vice President, shall call meetings of the stockholders to order and shall act as chairman thereof. The Secretary of the Corporation, if present, shall act as secretary of all meetings of stockholders, and, in his or her absence, the presiding officer may appoint a secretary. SECTION 8. Consent of Stockholders in Lieu of Meeting. Unless otherwise ------------------------------------------ restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation, any action required or permitted by the Delaware General Corporation Law to be taken at any annual or special meeting of the stockholders of the Corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within sixty (60) days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this section to the Corporation, written consents signed by a sufficient number of stockholders to take action are delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. In the event that the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any section of the Delaware General Corporation Law other than Section 228 thereof, if such action had been voted on by stockholders at a meeting thereof, the certificate filed under such other section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of stockholders, that written consent has been given in accordance with Section 228 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, and that written notice has been given as provided in such Section 228. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 5 ARTICLE IV ---------- DIRECTORS SECTION 1. Number. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be ------ conducted and managed by a Board of Directors consisting of not less than one director, none of whom needs to be a stockholder. The number of directors for each year shall be fixed at each annual meeting of stockholders, but if the number is not so fixed, the number shall remain as it stood immediately prior to such meeting. At each annual meeting of stockholders, the stockholders shall elect directors. Each director so elected shall hold office, subject to the provisions of law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, or otherwise, until the next annual meeting of stockholders or until his or her successor is elected and qualified. At any time during any year, except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, or otherwise, the number of directors may be increased or reduced, in each case by vote of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote for the election of directors or a majority of the directors in office at the time of such increase or decrease, regardless of whether such majority constitutes a quorum. SECTION 2. Term of Office. Each director shall hold office until the -------------- next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death or resignation, subject to the right of the stockholders at any time to remove any director or directors as provided in Section 4 of this Article. SECTION 3. Vacancies. If any vacancy shall occur among the directors, --------- or if the number of directors shall at any time be increased, the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, by a majority vote may fill the vacancies or newly- created directorships, or any such vacancies or newly-created directorships may be filled by the stockholders at any meeting. SECTION 4. Removal by Stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by ----------------------- law, the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise, the holders of record of the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote for the election of directors may, by a majority vote, remove any director or directors, with or without cause, and, in their discretion, elect a new director or directors in place thereof. SECTION 5. Meetings. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held -------- at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as may from time to time be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors or by the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, or by the President, and as may be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of any meeting. Meetings may be held at any By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 6 time upon the call of the Chairman of the Board, if there be one, or the President or any two (2) of the directors in office by oral, telegraphic, telex, telecopy or other form of electronic transmission, or written notice, duly served or sent or mailed to each director not less than twenty-four (24) hours before such meeting, except that, if mailed, not less than seventy two (72) hours before such meeting. Meetings may be held at any time and place without notice if all the directors are present and do not object to the holding of such meeting for lack of proper notice or if those not present shall, in writing or by telegram, telex, telecopy or other form of electronic transmission, waive notice thereof. A regular meeting of the Board may be held without notice immediately following the annual meeting of stockholders at the place where such meeting is held. Regular meetings of the Board may also be held without notice at such time and place as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof need be specified in any written waiver of notice. Members of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such Board or committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and participation in a meeting pursuant to the foregoing provisions shall constitute presence in person at the meeting. SECTION 6. Votes. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate ----- of Incorporation or otherwise, the vote of the majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the Board of Directors. SECTION 7. Quorum and Adjournment. Except as otherwise provided by law, ---------------------- the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise, a majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. If at any meeting of the Board there shall be less than a quorum present, a majority of those present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement of the adjournment at the meeting, and at such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed. SECTION 8. Compensation. Directors shall receive compensation for their ------------ services, as such, and for service on any Committee of the Board of Directors, as fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors and for expenses of attendance at each regular or special meeting of the Board or any Committee thereof. Nothing in this Section shall be construed to preclude a director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor. SECTION 9. Action By Consent of Directors. Any action required or ------------------------------ permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 7 a meeting if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee. Such consent shall be treated as a vote adopted at a meeting for all purposes. Such consents may be executed in one or more counterparts and not every Director or committee member need sign the same counterpart. ARTICLE V --------- COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS SECTION 1. Executive Committee. The Board of Directors may, by ------------------- resolution passed by a majority of the whole Board, appoint an Executive Committee of one (1) or more members, to serve during the pleasure of the Board, to consist of such directors as the Board may from time to time designate. The Board of Directors shall designate the Chairman of the Executive Committee. (a) Procedure. The Executive Committee shall, by a vote of a --------- majority of its members, fix its own times and places of meeting, determine the number of its members constituting a quorum for the transaction of business, and prescribe its own rules of procedure, no change in which shall be made save by a majority vote of its members. (b) Responsibilities. During the intervals between the meetings ---------------- of the Board of Directors, except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors in establishing such Committee or otherwise, the Executive Committee shall possess and may exercise all the powers of the Board in the management and direction of the business and affairs of the Corporation; provided, however, that the Executive Committee shall not, except to the extent the Certificate of Incorporation or the resolution providing for the issuance of shares of stock adopted by the Board of Directors as provided in Section 151(a) of the Delaware General Business Corporation Law, have the power: (i) to amend or authorize the amendment of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws; (ii) to authorize the issuance of stock in excess of one million (1,000,000) shares in any single transaction or group of related transactions; (iii) to authorize the payment of any dividend; (iv) to adopt an agreement of merger or consolidation pursuant to which the Corporation will merge or consolidate or to recommend to the By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 8 stockholders the sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the property and business of the Corporation; (v) to recommend to the stockholders a dissolution, or a revocation of a dissolution, of the Corporation; or (vi) to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253 of the Delaware Business Corporation Law; and further (c) Reports. The Executive Committee shall keep regular minutes of ------- its proceedings, and all action by the Executive Committee shall be reported promptly to the Board of Directors. Such action shall be subject to review, amendment and repeal by the Board, provided that no rights of third parties shall be adversely affected by such review, amendment or repeal. (d) Appointment of Additional Members. In the absence or --------------------------------- disqualification of any member of the Executive Committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. SECTION 2. Audit Committee. The Board of Directors may, by resolution --------------- passed by a majority of the whole Board, appoint an Audit Committee of one (1) or more members who shall not be officers or employees of the Corporation to serve during the pleasure of the Board. The Board of Directors shall designate the Chairman of the Audit Committee. (a) Procedure. The Audit Committee, by a vote of a majority of its --------- members, shall fix its own times and places of meeting, shall determine the number of its members constituting a quorum for the transaction of business, and shall prescribe its own rules of procedure, no change in which shall be made save by a majority vote of its members. (b) Responsibilities. The Audit Committee shall review the annual ---------------- financial statements of the Corporation prior to their submission to the Board of Directors, shall consult with the Corporation's independent auditors, and may examine and consider such other matters in relation to the internal and external audit of the Corporation's accounts and in relation to the financial affairs of the Corporation and its accounts, including the selection and retention of independent auditors, as the Audit Committee may, in its discretion, determine to be desirable. (c) Reports. The Audit Committee shall keep regular minutes of its ------- proceedings, and all action by the Audit Committee shall, from time to time, be reported to the Board of Directors as it shall direct. Such action shall be subject to review, By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 9 amendment and repeal by the Board, provided that no rights of third parties shall be adversely affected by such review, amendment or repeal. (d) Appointment of Additional Members. In the absence or --------------------------------- disqualification of any member of the Audit Committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. SECTION 3. Other Committees. The Board of Directors may, by resolution ---------------- passed by a majority of the whole Board, at any time appoint one or more other committees from and outside of its own number. Every such committee must include at least one member of the Board of Directors. The Board may from time to time designate or alter, within the limits permitted by law, the Certificate of Incorporation and this Article, if applicable, the duties, powers and number of members of such other committees or change their membership, and may at any time abolish such other committees or any of them. (a) Procedure. Each committee, appointed pursuant to this Section, --------- shall, by a vote of a majority of its members, fix its own times and places of meeting, determine the number of its members constituting a quorum for the transaction of business, and prescribe its own rules of procedure, no change in which shall be made save by a majority vote of its members. (b) Responsibilities. Each committee, appointed pursuant to this ---------------- Section, shall exercise the powers assigned to it by the Board of Directors in its discretion. (c) Reports . Each committee appointed pursuant to this Section shall ------- keep regular minutes of proceedings, and all action by each such committee shall, from time to time, be reported to the Board of Directors as it shall direct. Such action shall be subject to review, amendment and repeal by the Board, provided that no rights of third parties shall be adversely affected by such review, amendment or repeal. (d) Appointment of Additional Members. In the absence or --------------------------------- disqualification of any member of each committee, appointed pursuant to this Section, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not constituting a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors (or, to the extent permitted, another person) to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. SECTION 4. Term of Office. Each member of a committee shall hold -------------- office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors following the annual meeting of stockholders (or until such other time as the Board of Directors may determine, either in the vote establishing the committee or at the election of such member or otherwise) and until his or her successor is elected and By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 10 qualified, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed, is replaced by change of membership or becomes disqualified by ceasing to be a director (where membership on the Board is required), or until the committee is sooner abolished by the Board of Directors. ARTICLE VI ---------- OFFICERS SECTION 1. Officers. The Board of Directors shall elect a President, a -------- Secretary and a Treasurer, and, in their discretion, may elect a Chairman of the Board, a Vice Chairman of the Board, a Controller, and one or more Executive Vice Presidents, Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries, Assistant Treasurers and Assistant Controllers as deemed necessary or appropriate. Such officers shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors at its first meeting following the annual meeting of stockholders (or at such other meeting as the Board of Directors determines), and each shall hold office for the term provided by the vote of the Board, except that each will be subject to removal from office in the discretion of the Board as provided herein. The powers and duties of more than one office may be exercised and performed by the same person. SECTION 2. Vacancies. Any vacancy in any office may be filled for the --------- unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors, at any regular or special meeting. SECTION 3. Chairman of the Board. The Chairman of the Board of --------------------- Directors, if elected, shall be a member of the Board of Directors and shall preside at its meetings. The Chairman, if other than the President, shall advise and counsel with the President, and shall perform such duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. SECTION 4. President. The President shall be the chief executive --------- officer of the Corporation. Subject to the directions of the Board of Directors, the President shall have and exercise direct charge of and general supervision over the business and affairs of the Corporation and shall perform all duties incident to the office of the chief executive officer of a corporation and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. The President may but need not be a member of the Board of Directors. SECTION 5. Executive Vice Presidents and Vice Presidents. Each --------------------------------------------- Executive Vice President and Vice President shall have and exercise such powers and shall perform such duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or to her by the Board of Directors or the President. SECTION 6. Secretary. The Secretary shall keep the minutes of all --------- meetings of the stockholders and of the Board of Directors in books provided for the purpose; shall see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of law and these By-Laws; the Secretary shall be custodian of the records and of the corporate seal or seals of the Corporation; shall see that the corporate seal is affixed to all documents the execution of which, on behalf of the By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 11 Corporation under its seal, is duly authorized, and, when the seal is so affixed, he or she may attest the same; the Secretary may sign, with the President, an Executive Vice President or a Vice President, certificates of stock of the Corporation; and, in general, the Secretary shall perform all duties incident to the office of secretary of a corporation, and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Board of Directors. SECTION 7. Assistant Secretaries. The Assistant Secretaries in order of --------------------- their seniority shall, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors shall prescribe or as from time to time may be assigned by the Secretary. SECTION 8. Treasurer. The Treasurer shall have charge of and be --------- responsible for all funds, securities, receipts and disbursements of the Corporation, and shall deposit, or cause to be deposited, in the name of the Corporation, all monies or other valuable effects in such banks, trust companies or other depositaries as shall, from time to time, be selected by the Board of Directors; may endorse for collection on behalf of the Corporation checks, notes and other obligations; may sign receipts and vouchers for payments made to the Corporation; may sign checks of the Corporation, singly or jointly with another person as the Board of Directors may authorize, and pay out and dispose of the proceeds under the direction of the Board; the Treasurer shall render to the President and to the Board of Directors, whenever requested, an account of the financial condition of the Corporation; the Treasurer may sign, with the President, or an Executive Vice President or a Vice President, certificates of stock of the Corporation; and in general, shall perform all the duties incident to the office of treasurer of a corporation, and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned by the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise determine, the Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation. SECTION 9. Assistant Treasurers. The Assistant Treasurers in order of -------------------- their seniority shall, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors shall prescribe or as from time to time may be assigned by the Treasurer. SECTION 10. Controller. The Controller, if elected, shall be the chief ---------- accounting officer of the Corporation and shall perform all duties incident to the office of a controller of a corporation, and, in the absence of or disability of the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors shall prescribe or as from time to time may be assigned by the President or the Treasurer. SECTION 11. Assistant Controllers. The Assistant Controllers in order --------------------- of their seniority shall, in the absence or disability of the Controller, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Controller and shall perform such other duties as the Board of Directors shall prescribe or as from time to time may be assigned by the Controller. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 12 SECTION 12. Subordinate Officers. The Board of Directors may appoint -------------------- such subordinate officers as it may deem desirable. Each such officer shall hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as the Board of Directors may prescribe. The Board of Directors may, from time to time, authorize any officer to appoint and remove subordinate officers and to prescribe the powers and duties thereof. SECTION 13. Compensation. The Board of Directors shall fix the ------------ compensation of all officers of the Corporation. It may authorize any officer, upon whom the power of appointing subordinate officers may have been conferred, to fix the compensation of such subordinate officers. SECTION 14. Removal. Any officer of the Corporation may be removed, with ------- or without cause, by action of the Board of Directors. SECTION 15. Bonds. The Board of Directors may require any officer of ----- the Corporation to give a bond to the Corporation, conditional upon the faithful performance of his or her duties, with one or more sureties and in such amount as may be satisfactory to the Board of Directors. ARTICLE VII ----------- CERTIFICATES OF STOCK SECTION 1. Form and Execution of Certificates. The interest of each ---------------------------------- stockholder of the Corporation shall be evidenced by a certificate or certificates for shares of stock in such form as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe. The certificates of stock of each class shall be consecutively numbered and signed by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board, if any, the President, an Executive Vice President or a Vice President and by the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation, and may be countersigned and registered in such manner as the Board of Directors may by resolution prescribe, and shall bear the corporate seal or a printed or engraved facsimile thereof. Where any such certificate is signed by a transfer agent or transfer clerk acting on behalf of the Corporation, the signatures of any such Chairman, Vice Chairman, President, Executive Vice President, Vice President, Treasurer, Assistant Treasurer, Secretary or Assistant Secretary may be facsimiles, engraved or printed. In case any officer or officers, who shall have signed, or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used on, any such certificate or certificates, shall cease to be such officer or officers, whether because of death, resignation or otherwise, before such certificate or certificates shall have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered by the Corporation as though the person or persons who signed such certificate or certificates or whose facsimile signature or signatures shall have been used thereon had not ceased to be such officer or officers. In case the corporate seal which has been affixed to, impressed on, or reproduced in any such certificate or certificates shall cease to be the seal of the Corporation before such certificate By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 13 or certificates have been delivered by the Corporation, such certificate or certificates may nevertheless be issued and delivered by the Corporation as though the seal affixed thereto, impressed thereon or reproduced therein had not ceased to be the seal of the Corporation. Every certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to law, the Certificate of Incorporation, these By-Laws, or any agreement to which the Corporation is a party, shall have the restriction noted conspicuously on the certificate, and shall also set forth, on the face or back, either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction and (except if such restriction is imposed by law) a statement that the Corporation will furnish a copy thereof to the holder of such certificate upon written request and without charge. Every certificate issued when the Corporation is authorized to issue more than one class or series of stock shall set forth on its face or back either the full text of the preferences, voting powers, qualifications, and special and relative rights of the shares of each class and series authorized to be issued, or a statement of the existence of such preferences, powers, qualifications and rights, and a statement that the Corporation will furnish a copy thereof to the holder of such certificate upon written request and without charge. SECTION 2. Transfer of Shares. The shares of the stock of the ------------------ Corporation shall be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the holder thereof in person or by his or her attorney lawfully constituted, upon surrender for cancellation of certificates for the same number of shares, with an assignment and power of transfer endorsed thereon or attached thereto, duly executed, with such proof or guaranty of the authenticity of the signature as the Corporation or its agents may reasonably require. The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and accordingly shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, save as expressly provided by law or by the Certificate of Incorporation. It shall be the duty of each stockholder to notify the Corporation of his or her post office address. SECTION 3. Closing of Transfer Books. The stock transfer books of the ------------------------- Corporation may, if deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors, be closed for such length of time not exceeding fifty (50) days as the Board may determine, preceding the date of any meeting of stockholders or the date for the payment of any dividend or the date for the allotment of rights or the date when any issuance, change, conversion or exchange of capital stock shall go into effect, during which time no transfer of stock on the books of the Corporation may be made. SECTION 4. Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record. In ------------------------------------------------------- order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 14 of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of directors and which record date: (a) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting; (b) in the case of determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, shall, unless otherwise required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or otherwise, not be more than ten (10) days from the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors; and (c) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (a) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (b) the record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting when no prior action of the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the Board of Directors is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action; and (c) the record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting. SECTION 5. Lost or Destroyed Certificates. In case of the loss or ------------------------------ destruction of any certificate of stock, a new certificate may be issued under the following conditions: (a) The owner of said certificate shall file with the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary of the Corporation an affidavit giving the facts in relation to the ownership, and in relation to the loss or destruction of said certificate, stating its number and the number of shares represented thereby; such affidavit shall be in such form and contain such statements as shall satisfy the President, any Executive Vice President, Vice President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer, that said certificate has been accidentally destroyed or lost, and that a new certificate ought to be issued in lieu thereof. Upon being so satisfied, any such officer may require such owner to furnish the Corporation a bond in such penal sum and in such form as he or she may deem advisable, and with a surety or sureties approved by him or her, to indemnify and save harmless the Corporation from any claim, loss, damage or liability which may be occasioned by the issuance of a new certificate in lieu thereof. Upon such bond being so filed, if so required, a new certificate for the same number of shares shall By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 15 be issued to the owner of the certificate so lost or destroyed; and the transfer agent and registrar, if any, of stock shall countersign and register such new certificate upon receipt of a written order signed by any such officer, and thereupon the Corporation will save harmless said transfer agent and registrar in the premises. In case of the surrender of the original certificate, in lieu of which a new certificate has been issued, or the surrender of such new certificate, for cancellation, the bond of indemnity given as a condition of the issue of such new certificate may be surrendered; or (b) The Board of Directors of the Corporation may by resolution authorize and direct any transfer agent or registrar of stock of the Corporation to issue and register respectively from time to time without further action or approval by or on behalf of the Corporation new certificates of stock to replace certificates reported lost, stolen or destroyed upon receipt of an affidavit of loss and bond of indemnity in form and amount and with surety satisfactory to such transfer agent or registrar in each instance or upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may determine. SECTION 6. Uncertificated Shares. The Board of Directors of the --------------------- Corporation may by resolution provide that one or more of any or all classes or series of the stock of the Corporation shall be uncertificated shares, subject to the provisions of Section 158 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. ARTICLE VIII ------------ EXECUTION OF DOCUMENTS SECTION 1. Execution of Checks, Notes, etc. All checks and drafts on ------------------------------- the Corporation's bank accounts and all bills of exchange and promissory notes, and all acceptances, obligations and other instruments for the payment of money, shall be signed by such officer or officers, or agent or agents, as shall be thereunto authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors, which may in its discretion authorize any such signatures to be facsimile. SECTION 2. Execution of Contracts, Assignments, etc. Unless the Board ---------------------------------------- of Directors shall have otherwise provided generally or in a specific instance, all contracts, agreements, endorsements, assignments, transfers, stock powers, or other instruments shall be signed by the President, any Executive Vice President, any Vice President, the Secretary, any Assistant Secretary, the Treasurer or any Assistant Treasurer. The Board of Directors may, however, in its discretion, require any or all such instruments to be signed by any two or more of such officers, or may permit any or all of such instruments to be signed by such other officer or officers, agent or agents, as it shall be thereunto authorize from time to time. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 16 SECTION 3. Execution of Proxies. The President, any Executive Vice -------------------- President or any Vice President, and the Secretary, the Treasurer, any Assistant Secretary or any Assistant Treasurer, or any other officer designated by the Board of Directors, may sign on behalf of the Corporation proxies to vote upon shares of stock of other companies standing in the name of the Corporation. ARTICLE IX ---------- INSPECTION OF BOOKS The Board of Directors shall determine from time to time whether, and if allowed, to what extent and at what time and places and under what conditions and regulations, the accounts and books of the Corporation (except such as may by law be specifically open to inspection) or any of them, shall be open to the inspection of the stockholders, and no stockholder shall have any right to inspect any account or book or document of the Corporation, except as conferred by the laws of the State of Delaware, unless and until authorized so to do by resolution of the Board of Directors or of the stockholders of the Corporation. ARTICLE X --------- FISCAL YEAR The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be determined from time to time by vote of the Board of Directors. ARTICLE XI ---------- AMENDMENTS These By-Laws may be altered, amended, changed or repealed and new By-Laws adopted by the stockholders or, to the extent provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, by the Board of Directors, in either case at any meeting called for that purpose at which a quorum shall be present. Any by-law, whether made, altered, amended, changed or repealed by the stockholders or the Board of Directors may be repealed, amended, changed, further amended, changed, repealed or reinstated, as the case may be, either by the stockholders or by the Board of Directors, as herein provided; except that this Article may be altered, amended, changed or repealed only by vote of the stockholders. ARTICLE XII ----------- INDEMNIFICATION By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 17 SECTION 1. Indemnification. (a) The Corporation shall indemnify and --------------- hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that he, or a person for whom he is the legal representative, is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity against all liability, losses, expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines, and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interest of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. (b) The Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable for negligence or misconduct in the performance of his duty to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court shall deem proper. (c) To the extent that any person referred to in paragraphs (a) or (b) has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to therein, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, he or she shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by him or her in connection therewith. By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 18 SECTION 2. Authorization. Any indemnification under Section 1 of this ------------- Article (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 1 of this Article. Such determination shall be made: (a) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (b) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in written opinion, or (c) by the stockholders. SECTION 3. Expense Advance. Expenses (including attorneys' fees) --------------- incurred by an officer or director of the Corporation in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding as authorized by the Board of Directors in the manner provided in Section 2 of this Article upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such officer or director to repay such amount, unless it shall ultimately be determined that such person is entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article. Such expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred by other employees or agents of the Corporation may be so paid upon such terms and conditions, if any, as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. SECTION 4. Nonexclusivity. The indemnification and advancement of -------------- expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, the other Sections of this Article shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any statute, by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in an official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. SECTION 5. Insurance. The Corporation shall have power to purchase and --------- maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity against any liability asserted against and incurred by him or her in any such capacity, or arising out of his or her status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article or Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. SECTION 6. "The Corporation". For the purposes of this Article, --------------- references to "the Corporation" shall include the resulting corporation and, to the extent that the Board of Directors of the resulting corporation so decides, all constituent corporations (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, By-laws of American Tower Corporation A Delaware Corporation Page 19 would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers and employees or agents so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such a constituent corporation or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as director, officer, partner, member, trustee, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Article with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation if its separate existence had continued. SECTION 7. Other Indemnification. The Corporation's obligation, if --------------------- any, to indemnify any person who was or is serving at its request as a director, trustee, partner, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity shall be reduced by any amount such person may collect as indemnification from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise or non-profit entity or from insurance. SECTION 8. Other Definitions. For purposes of this Article, references ----------------- to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, trustee, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he or she reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Article. SECTION 9. Continuation of Indemnification. The indemnification and ------------------------------- advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, trustee, partner, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person. SECTION 10. Amendment or Repeal. Neither the amendment nor repeal of ------------------- this Article nor the adoption of any provision of these By-Laws inconsistent with this Article shall reduce, eliminate or adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any person in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the effectiveness of such amendment, repeal or adoption.

EXHIBIT 10.13 AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT THIS AGREEMENT (this "Agreement") is made as of February 4, 1999 by and between American Tower Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("ATC") and Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation ("CSFB"). WHEREAS, CSFB desires to purchase, and ATC is willing to sell 500,000 shares of Class A Common Stock, par value $.01 per share, of ATC (the "ATC Common Stock"), all on the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement; and WHEREAS, ATC and CSFB wish to provide for the terms and conditions of the purchase and sale of the ATC Common Stock and certain related matters; NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, and other valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy whereof are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby covenant and agree as follows: SECTION 1. Authorization and Closing. ------------------------- (a) Authorization of the Securities. ATC has authorized the issue and sale ------------------------------- to CSFB, and CSFB has agreed to purchase 500,000 shares of ATC Common Stock (collectively, the "Subject Shares") at a purchase price equal to $26.3125 per share. (b) Purchase and Sale of the Subject Shares. At the Closing, subject to --------------------------------------- the terms and conditions set forth herein, ATC shall issue to CSFB, and CSFB shall acquire from ATC, the Subject Shares set forth in Section 1(a). CSFB will make payment in the form of a wire transfer of immediately available funds or bank cashier's or certified check; and (c) The Closing. The closing (the "Closing") of the issue and acquisition ----------- of the Subject Shares shall take place at the offices of Sullivan & Cromwell, New York, New York on February 9, 1999 at 10:00 a.m. or at such other date and place as may be mutually agreeable to ATC and CSFB. Any wire transfer of funds shall be made to such bank account in the United States as shall have been designated in writing by ATC a reasonable time prior to the Closing. SECTION 2. Conditions of CSFB's Obligation. The obligation of CSFB to ------------------------------- acquire the Subject Shares to be purchased by CSFB at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction (or waiver in writing by CSFB) as of the Closing of the following conditions: (a) Representations and Warranties; Covenants. The representations and ----------------------------------------- warranties contained in Section 4 shall be true and correct in all material respects at and as of the Closing as though then made, except to the extent of changes caused by the transactions expressly contemplated herein, and ATC shall have performed in all material respects all of the covenants required to be performed by it hereunder prior to the Closing. (b) Registration Rights Agreement. ATC shall have executed and delivered ----------------------------- to CSFB an agreement substantially in the form of Exhibit A attached hereto and made a part hereof (the "Registration Rights Agreement"). (c) Legal Opinion. ATC shall have delivered to CSFB an opinion of ------------- Sullivan & Worcester LLP, counsel for ATC, as to the due organizations and corporate existence of ATC, the due authorization, execution, delivery and binding effect of this Agreement, and the due authorization and valid issuance of the Subject Shares and their fully paid and nonassessable status. (d) Proceedings. All corporate and other proceedings taken or ----------- required to be taken by ATC in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated at or prior to the Closing and all documents incident thereto shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to CSFB and their counsel. (e) Closing Documents. ATC shall have delivered to CSFB such documents, ----------------- instruments and certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as CSFB or its counsel may reasonably request. SECTION 3. Conditions of ATC's Obligation. The obligation of ATC to issue ------------------------------ and sell the Subject Shares to CSFB at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction (or waiver in writing by ATC) as of the Closing of the following conditions: -2- (a) Representations and Warranties; Covenants. The representations ----------------------------------------- and warranties of CSFB contained in Section 5 shall be true and correct in all material respects at and as of the Closing as though then made, except to the extent of changes caused by the transactions expressly contemplated herein, and CSFB shall have performed in all material respects all of the covenants required to be performed by him or it hereunder prior to the Closing. (b) Proceedings. All corporate and other proceedings taken or ----------- required to be taken by CSFB in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby to be consummated at or prior to the Closing and all documents incident thereto shall be reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to ATC and its counsel. (c) Closing Documents. CSFB shall have delivered to ATC such ----------------- documents, instruments and certificates relating to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement as ATC or its counsel may reasonably request. SECTION 4. Representations and Warranties of ATC. As a material ------------------------------------- inducement to CSFB to enter into this Agreement and purchase the Subject Shares, ATC hereby makes the following representations and warranties to CSFB. (a) Organization and Corporate Power. ATC and each of its subsidiaries is -------------------------------- an entity duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and is qualified to do business in each jurisdiction in which the failure so to qualify would reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operation of ATC and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. ATC and each of its subsidiaries has all requisite corporate and other power and authority and all material licenses, permits and authorizations necessary to own and operate its properties, to carry on its businesses as now conducted and presently proposed to be conducted and, in the case of ATC, to execute and deliver and consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. (b) Material Statements and Omissions; Absence of Events. The ---------------------------------------------------- information with respect to ATC included in the prospectus included in the registration statement to be filed on or about February 8, 1999 heretofore delivered by ATC to CSFB (the "ATC Prospectus") does not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact and does not and will not omit to state any material fact required to make any statement contained herein or therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. Since the date of the most recent financial statements set forth in the ATC Prospectus, except to the extent described in the ATC Prospectus, there has been no material adverse change in ATC. (c) Capital Stock and Related Matters. --------------------------------- (i) The authorized and issued capital stock of ATC is as set forth in the ATC Prospectus. All of the outstanding shares of the ATC Common Stock are, and all of the Subject Shares will, upon issuance pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, be, duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable. (ii) There are no statutory or, to the best of ATC's knowledge, contractual stockholder preemptive rights or rights of refusal with respect to the issuance of the Subject Shares. ATC has not violated any applicable federal or state securities laws in connection with the offer, sale or issuance of any of its capital stock, and, based on the representations and warranties of CSFB set -3- forth in Section 5(g), the offer, sale and issuance of the Subject Shares hereunder does not require registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act") or any applicable state securities laws. (d) Authorization; No Breach. The execution, delivery and performance of ------------------------ this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and all other agreements contemplated hereby to which ATC is or will be a party have been duly authorized by ATC. This Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and all other agreements contemplated hereby each constitutes a valid and binding obligation of ATC, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as (i) the enforceability thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or other laws of general applicability affecting the enforcement of creditors' or secured parties' rights or debtors' obligations generally and (ii) the availability of specific performance or other equitable remedies may be limited by equitable principles of general applicability (whether such matter is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity). The (x) execution and delivery by ATC of this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, (y) offering, sale and issuance of the Subject Shares hereunder, and (z) fulfillment of and compliance with the respective terms hereof and thereof by ATC, do not and shall not, except in respect of clause (z) above, for filings and other actions to be performed upon the occurrence of certain future events, as contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement, (i) conflict with or result in a breach of the terms, conditions or provisions of, (ii) constitute a default under, (iii) result in the creation of any lien, security interest, charge or encumbrance upon ATC's or any subsidiary's capital stock or assets pursuant to, (iv) give any third party the right to modify, terminate or accelerate any obligation under, (v) result in a violation of, or (vi) require any authorization, consent, approval, exemption or other action by or notice to any court or administrative or governmental body pursuant to, the charter or by-laws or other organizational documents of ATC or any subsidiary, or any law, statute, rule or regulation to which ATC or any subsidiary is subject, or any contract, agreement, instrument, order, judgment or decree to which ATC or any subsidiary is subject, which such authorization, consent, approval, exemption, action or notice has not been obtained, except in all cases for such exceptions as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, financial conditions or results of operation of ATC and its subsidiaries taken as a whole. (e) Brokerage. There are no claims for brokerage commissions, finders' --------- fees or similar compensation in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based on any arrangement or agreement binding upon ATC or any subsidiary. ATC shall pay, and hold CSFB harmless against, any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and out- of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim. (f) Governmental Consent, etc. No permit, consent, approval or ------------------------- authorization of, or declaration to or filing with, any governmental authority is required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by ATC of this Agreement or the other agreements contemplated hereby, or the consummation by ATC of any other transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, except as expressly contemplated herein or therein or in the exhibits hereto or thereto. SECTION 5. Representations and Warranties of each CSFB. As a material ------------------------------------------- inducement to ATC to enter into this Agreement and issue and sell the Subject Shares CSFB hereby makes the following representations and warranties to ATC. -4- (a) Organization and Power. CSFB is duly organized, validly existing and ---------------------- in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization and has all requisite corporate or other power and authority to execute and deliver and consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. (b) Authorization; No Breach. The execution, delivery and performance of ------------------------ this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and all other agreements contemplated hereby to which CSFB is or will be a party have been duly authorized by CSFB. This Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and all other agreements contemplated hereby to which CSFB is or will be a party each constitutes a valid and binding obligation of such CSFB, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as (i) the enforceability thereof may be limited by bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, fraudulent conveyance or other laws of general applicability affecting the enforcement of creditors' or secured parties' rights or debtors' obligations generally and (ii) the availability of specific performance or other equitable remedies may be limited by equitable principles of general applicability (whether such matter is considered in a proceeding at law or in equity). The (x) execution and delivery by CSFB of this Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement and all other agreements contemplated hereby to which CSFB is or will be a party, and (y) fulfillment of and compliance with the respective terms hereof and thereof by CSFB, do not and shall not, except in respect of clause (y) above, for filings and other actions to be performed upon the occurrence of certain future events, as contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement, (i) conflict with or result in a breach of the terms, conditions or provisions of, (ii) constitute a default under, (iii) result in the creation of any lien, security interest, charge or encumbrance upon CSFB's assets pursuant to, (iv) give any third party the right to modify, terminate or accelerate any obligation under, (v) result in a violation of, or (vi) require any authorization, consent, approval, exemption or other action by or notice to any court or administrative or governmental body pursuant to, any law, statute, rule or regulation to which CSFB is subject, or any contract, agreement, instrument, order, judgment or decree to which CSFB is subject, which such authorization, consent, approval, exemption, action or notice has not been obtained. (c) Brokerage. There are no claims for brokerage commissions, finders' --------- fees or similar compensation in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based on any arrangement or agreement binding upon CSFB. CSFB shall pay and hold ATC harmless against any liability, loss or expense (including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys' fees and out-of-pocket expenses) arising in connection with any such claim. (d) Governmental Consent, etc. No permit, consent, approval or ------------------------- authorization of, or declaration to or filing with, any governmental authority is required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by CSFB of this Agreement or the other agreements contemplated hereby, or the consummation by CSFB of any other transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, except as expressly contemplated herein or therein, in the exhibits hereto or thereto or in the ATC Prospectus. (e) Investment Representation. CSFB is an "accredited investor" as such ------------------------- term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D ("Regulation D") promulgated under the Securities Act. The Subject Shares to be acquired by CSFB are being acquired solely for the account of CSFB for purposes of investment and not with a view to the sale, transfer or other distribution thereof, as those terms are used in the Securities Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; provided, however, that nothing contained herein shall prevent CSFB and subsequent holders of Subject Shares from transferring such securities in compliance with the applicable provisions of the -5- Securities Act (including without limitation Rule 144 promulgated thereunder or pursuant to registration) and applicable state securities laws. CSFB covenants and agrees that it will not sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of any of the Subject Shares to be acquired by CSFB in violation of the Securities Act or applicable state securities laws. Each certificate for the Subject Shares shall be imprinted with a legend in substantially the following form: "THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. THE TRANSFER OF THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE IS SUBJECT TO THE CONDITIONS SPECIFIED IN THE STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT, DATED AS OF FEBRUARY 4, 1999, BETWEEN THE ISSUER ("ATC") AND CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON CORPORATION, AND ATC RESERVES THE RIGHT TO REFUSE THE TRANSFER OF SUCH SECURITIES UNTIL SUCH CONDITIONS HAVE BEEN FULFILLED WITH RESPECT TO SUCH TRANSFER. A COPY OF SUCH CONDITIONS SHALL BE FURNISHED BY ATC TO THE HOLDER HEREOF UPON WRITTEN REQUEST AND WITHOUT CHARGE." THIS LEGEND SHALL EXPIRE AUTOMATICALLY, AND SHALL BE REMOVED, ON FEBRUARY 5, 2001. SECTION 6. Miscellaneous. ------------- (a) Termination. This Agreement may be terminated with the mutual consent ----------- of CSFB and ATC. (b) Amendment. This Agreement may be amended, from time to time, by the --------- parties hereto at any time prior to the Closing Date but only by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto or their respective successors or assigns. (c) Waiver. At any time prior to the Closing Date, the parties may, either ------ generally or in a particular instance and either retrospectively or prospectively, extend the time for the performance of any of the obligations or other acts of the other, and waive compliance by the other with any of the agreements, covenants, conditions or other provisions contained herein. Any such extension or waiver shall be valid only if set forth in an instrument in writing signed by the party or parties to be bound thereby. (d) Expenses. CSFB agrees to pay the reasonable out-of-pocket expenses of -------- ATC incident to the negotiation, preparation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement (including all reasonable fees and expenses of ATC's counsel, accountants and other consultants, advisors and representatives for all activities of such persons undertaken pursuant to this Agreement). (e) Notices. All notices and other communications which by any provision ------- of this Agreement are required or permitted to be given shall be given in writing and shall be (a) mailed by first-class or express mail, postage prepaid, or by recognized courier service, (b) sent by telecopy or other form of rapid transmission, confirmed by mailing (by first class or express mail, postage prepaid, or by recognized courier service) written confirmation at substantially the same time as such rapid transmission, or (c) personally delivered to the receiving party (which if, other than an individual, shall be an officer or other responsible party of the receiving party). All such notices and communications shall be mailed, sent or delivered as follows: -6- If to ATC: 116 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02116 Attention: Joseph L. Winn, Chief Financial Officer Telecopier No.: (617) 375-7575 with a copy to: Sullivan & Worcester LLP One Post Office Square Boston, Massachusetts 02109 Attention: Norman A. Bikales, Esq. Telecopier No.: (617) 338-2880; and If to CSFB: 11 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10010 Attention: Kristin M. Allen, Managing Director Telephone No.: (212) 325-2459 with a copy to: Sullivan & Cromwell 125 Broad Street New York, New York 10004 Attention: John T. Bostelman, Esq. Telecopier No.: (212) 558-3588 or to such other person(s), telex or facsimile number(s) or address(es) as the party to receive any such communication or notice may have designated by written notice to the other party. (f) Specific Performance; Other Rights and Remedies. Each party recognizes ----------------------------------------------- and agrees that in the event the other party should refuse to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement, the remedy at law would be inadequate and agrees that for breach of such provisions, each party shall, in addition to such other remedies as may be available to it at law or in equity, be entitled to injunctive relief and to enforce its rights by an action for specific performance to the extent permitted by applicable law. Each party hereby waives any requirement for security or the posting of any bond or other surety in connection with any temporary or permanent award of injunctive, mandatory or other equitable relief. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as prohibiting each party from pursuing any other remedies available to it under applicable law or pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement for such breach or threatened breach, including without limitation the recovery of damages. (g) Survival of Representations, Warranties, Covenants and Agreements. All ----------------------------------------------------------------- of the representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth in this Agreement shall survive the Closing. (h) Severability. If any term or provision of this Agreement shall be held ------------ or deemed to be, or shall in fact be, invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any particular case in any jurisdiction or jurisdictions, or in all jurisdictions or in all cases, because of the conflicting of any provision with any constitution or statute or rule of public policy or for any other reason, such circumstance shall not have the effect of rendering the provision or provisions in question invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable in any other jurisdiction or in any other case or circumstance or of rendering any other provision or provisions herein contained invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable to the extent that such other provisions are not themselves actually in conflict with such constitution, statute or rule of public policy, but this Agreement shall be reformed and construed in any such jurisdiction or case as if such invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein and such provision reformed -7- so that it would be valid, operative and enforceable to the maximum extent permitted in such jurisdiction or in such case. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event of any such determination the effect of which is to affect materially and adversely either CSFB or ATC, the parties shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the parties as closely as possible to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in an acceptable manner to the end that the intent and purpose of this Agreement is fulfilled and consummated to the maximum extent possible. (i) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, ------------ each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument, binding upon all of the parties. In pleading or proving any provision of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce more than one of such counterparts. (j) Section Headings. The headings contained in this Agreement are for ---------------- reference purposes only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. (k) Governing Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and ------------- performance of this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the applicable laws of the United States of America and the laws of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts applicable to contracts made and performed in such State and, in any event, without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction, except to the extent the corporate laws of the State of Delaware are applicable. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event of any dispute between the parties which results in a legal action, litigation or other proceeding, the prevailing party shall be entitled to receive from the non-prevailing party reimbursement for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred by such prevailing party in such legal action, litigation or other proceeding. (l) Further Acts. Each party agrees that at any time, and from time to ------------ time, before and after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, it will do all such things and execute and deliver all such other agreements, instruments or other documents and other assurances, as the other party or its counsel reasonably deems necessary or desirable in order to carry out the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or to facilitate the enjoyment of any of the rights created hereby or to be created hereunder. (m) Assignment. This Agreement shall not be assignable by any party and ---------- any such assignment shall be null and void, except that it shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon any successor to each party by operation of law, including by way of merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of its assets, and, in the case of CSFB, any person to whom CSFB shall have transferred any of the Subject Shares not in violation of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, ATC may assign its rights and remedies hereunder to any bank or other financial institution which has loaned funds or otherwise extended credit to it; and CSFB may assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, and may assign the Subject Shares, to an affiliate that agrees to be bound thereby. (n) Parties in Interest. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure ------------------- solely to the benefit of the parties and their permitted successors and assigns, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any person any right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement, except as otherwise provided in Section 6(m). (o) Certain Definitions. Terms defined in the singular shall have a ------------------- comparable meaning when used in the plural, and vice versa, and the reference to any gender shall be deemed to include all genders. -8- References to "hereof," "herein" or similar terms are intended to refer to the Agreement as a whole and not a particular section, and references to "this Section" are intended to refer to the entire section or article and not a particular subsection thereof. (p) Mutual Drafting. This Agreement is the result of the joint efforts of --------------- ATC and CSFB, and each provision hereof has been subject to the mutual consultation, negotiation and agreement of the parties and there shall be no construction against either party based on any presumption of that party's involvement in the drafting thereof. Each of the parties is a sophisticated legal entity or individual that was advised by experienced counsel and, to the extent it deemed necessary, other advisors in connection with this Agreement. SIGNATURES APPEAR ON THE FOLLOWING PAGE -9- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each of the parties hereto had caused this Agreement to be duly executed and delivered as of the day and year first above written. American Tower Corporation By: ---------------------------------------- Name: Steven B. Dodge Title: President and Chief Executive Officer Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation By: ---------------------------------------- Name: Title: -10-

EXHIBIT 10.14 REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT between AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION and CREDIT SUISSE FIRST BOSTON CORPORATION February 4, 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Registration of Securities....................................... 1 --------------------------- (a) Registration by ATC......................................... 1 ------------------- (b) Registration at CSFB's Request.............................. 2 ------------------------------ (c) Registration Generally...................................... 3 ---------------------- (d) Restrictions on Registration................................ 7 ---------------------------- (e) Additional Restrictions on Registration..................... 8 --------------------------------------- 2. Conditions to Registration....................................... 8 -------------------------- 3. Indemnification.................................................. 9 --------------- (a) Indemnification by ATC...................................... 9 ----------------------- (b) Indemnification by CSFB..................................... 9 ----------------------- (c) Procedure................................................... 10 --------- (d) Contribution................................................ 11 ------------ 4. Exchange Act Registration........................................ 12 ------------------------- 5. Termination of Registration Obligations.......................... 13 --------------------------------------- 6. Registration Rights of Others.................................... 14 ----------------------------- 7. Mergers, etc..................................................... 14 ------------ 8. Annual and Quarterly Reports; Other Information.................. 14 ----------------------------------------------- 9. Withdrawals...................................................... 14 ----------- 10. Definitions...................................................... 14 ----------- 11. Miscellaneous.................................................... 18 ------------- (a) Assignment; Successors and Assigns.......................... 18 ---------------------------------- (b) Specific Performance; Other Rights and Remedies............. 18 ----------------------------------------------- (c) Expenses.................................................... 18 -------- (d) Entire Agreement............................................ 19 ---------------- (e) Waivers; Amendments......................................... 19 ------------------- (f) Notices..................................................... 19 ------- (g) Severability................................................ 19 ------------ (h) Counterparts................................................ 20 ------------ (i) Section Headings............................................ 20 ---------------- (j) Governing Law............................................... 20 ------------- (k) Further Acts................................................ 20 ------------

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT This Registration Rights Agreement (this "Agreement") is made and entered into as of February 4, 1999, by and between American Tower Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("ATC"), and Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation ("CSFB"), which has heretofore agreed to acquire or has acquired the Registrable Securities. WHEREAS, ATC has entered into a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of February 4, 1999, with CSFB (the "ATC Stock Purchase Agreement") relating to the issue and sale of shares of Class A Common Stock of ATC (the "ATC Common Stock"), and it is a condition of the obligation of CSFB to consummate the transactions contemplated by the ATC Stock Purchase Agreement that ATC enter into an agreement substantially in the form of this Agreement; and WHEREAS, ATC has entered into and may in the future enter into agreements pursuant to which it has agreed or will have agreed to issue securities the holders of which have required or will require registration rights of a nature set forth in this Agreement; NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the recitals, the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, and other valuable consideration, the receipt, adequacy and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, do hereby covenant and agree as follows: 1. Registration of Securities. --------------------------- (a) Registration by ATC. If at any time or from time to time ATC shall ------------------- propose to file on its behalf or on behalf of any of its security holders a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to any class of Common Stock, except in connection with an Excluded Offering, ATC shall, except to the extent not required to do so pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(d) or 1(e), in each case: (i) promptly give written notice to each Stockholder at least thirty (30) days (or such shorter period as ATC deems reasonable under the circumstances) before the anticipated filing date. Such notice shall include the anticipated offering price or range thereof and the plan of distribution; (ii) include in such registration (and any related qualification under blue sky or other state securities laws), and, at the request of a Stockholder, in any underwriting involved therein, all Registrable Securities specified in a written request or requests, made within ten (10) business days after such written notice from ATC, by any Stockholder; and (iii) use its reasonable business efforts to cause the managing underwriter or underwriters of any proposed underwritten offering of ATC Common Stock to permit the Registrable Securities requested to be included in the Registration Statement for such offering on the same terms and conditions as the ATC Common Stock included therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the managing underwriters of such offering deliver a written opinion to the holders of such Registrable Securities that marketing considerations require a limitation on the Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement filed under this Section, then, subject to the advice of said managing underwriter or underwriters as to the size and composition of the offering, and subject to the provisions of Section 1(d), such limitation will be imposed pro rata (based upon the -1- relative proposed public offering price of the Registrable Securities proposed to be included) among all holders of Registrable Securities who requested inclusion in the registration pursuant to this Section. For purposes of this clause (iii), "Registrable Securities" shall include Registrable Securities as defined under the 1998 Registration Rights Agreement (as defined below). If any Stockholder desires to have Registrable Securities registered under this Section, it shall be required so to advise ATC in writing within ten (10) business days after the date of ATC's notice, setting forth the number or amount of Registrable Securities for which registration is so requested. Neither the delivery of the notice by ATC nor of the request by any Stockholders shall in any way obligate ATC to file a Registration Statement and, notwithstanding such filing, ATC may, at any time prior to the effective date thereof, determine not to offer the securities to which the registration statement relates without liability to any of the Stockholders. No registration of Registrable Securities effected under this Section shall relieve ATC of its obligation to effect registration of Registrable Securities upon any request made pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(b). Notwithstanding the foregoing, CSFB's rights under this Section 1(a) are subject to the written consent of the selling stockholders under Section 1(b) of the Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of January 22, 1998, among ATC and the stockholders named therein (the "1998 Registration Rights Agreement") but only to the extent a registration statement is prepared upon the request of such selling stockholders. (b) Registration at Stockholders' Request. Upon the written request of any ------------------------------------- Significant Stockholder requesting that ATC effect the registration under the Securities Act of all or part of the Registrable Securities held by CSFB, specifying the intended method or methods of disposition of such Registrable Securities (which may include sales from time to time on a delayed basis), ATC shall, except to the extent not required to do so pursuant to the provisions of this Section 1(b) or Section 1(d) or (e), promptly (and in any event within five (5) business days) give written notice of such requested registration to all holders of Registrable Securities and thereupon will expeditiously prepare and, within forty-five (45) days, use its reasonable business efforts to file under the Securities Act a registration statement and effect the registration of: (i) the Registrable Securities which ATC has been so requested to register by CSFB, for disposition in accordance with the intended method of disposition stated in such request, and (ii) all other Registrable Securities which ATC has been requested to register by the holders of Registrable Securities by written request delivered to ATC within ten (10) business days after the giving of such notice by ATC (which request shall specify the intended method of disposition of such Registrable Securities). Each registration requested pursuant to this Section shall be effected by the filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 (or such other form as the Commission may from time to time require or permit in order to effectuate a public offering of common stock of a company such as ATC and in a method of disposition such as that proposed), unless the use of a different form has been agreed upon in writing by holders of not less than a majority in value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities as to which registration has so been requested. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, ATC need not so cause a Registration Statement so filed pursuant to the provisions of this Section on a Form S-1 (or any successor form) to become effective under the Securities Act on more than three (3) occasions; provided, -2- however, that there shall be no limit on the number of times ATC is obligated to file Registration Statements on Form S-2 or S-3 (or any successor forms) pursuant to the provisions of this Section (except as contemplated by the definition of Significant Stockholder); and provided further, however, that any registration of Registrable Securities requested by one or more Stockholders pursuant to this Section which shall not have become and remained effective in accordance with the provisions of Section 1(c) shall not be deemed to be a registration for purposes of this Section. ATC shall not grant to any person the right to request ATC to register, nor shall ATC include in any registration pursuant to this Section, any securities other than the Registrable Securities or securities that are the subject of registration rights granted prior to the date hereof, without the written consent of holders of not less than a majority in value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities as to which registration has been so requested. Whenever registration requested by one or more Stockholders pursuant to this Section is for an underwritten offering, only Registrable Securities which are to be distributed by the underwriters designated by such Stockholders may be included in such registration, without the written consent of holders of not less than a majority in value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities as to which registration has been so requested. If Stockholders holding not less than a majority in value of the Registrable Securities (based upon the proposed public offering price) to be included in such registration shall determine that the number of Registrable Securities should be limited due to market conditions or otherwise, all holders of Registrable Securities proposing to sell Registrable Securities in such underwritten offering shall share pro rata in the number of Registrable Securities to be excluded from such underwritten offering, such sharing to be based on the value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the respective numbers of Registrable Securities as to which registration has been requested by such Stockholders. (c) Registration Generally. If and when ATC shall be required by the ---------------------- provisions of this Section to effect the registration of Registrable Securities under the Securities Act, ATC will use its reasonable business efforts to effect such registration to permit the sale of such Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method or methods of disposition thereof, and pursuant thereto it will, subject to the provisions of Section 1(d) and 1(e), as expeditiously as possible: (i) before filing a Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto, furnish to the holders of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement and the managing underwriters, if any, copies of all such documents proposed to be filed, which documents will be made available, on a timely basis, for review by such holders and underwriters, and their respective counsel, and ATC will not file any Registration Statement or amendment thereto or any Prospectus or any supplement thereto to which the holders of not less than a majority in value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement or the managing underwriters, if any, shall reasonably have objected; (ii) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments and post- effective amendments to any Registration Statement, and such supplements to the Prospectus, as may be reasonably requested by any holder of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement or any underwriter of Registrable Securities or as may be required by the rules, regulations or instructions applicable to the registration form utilized by ATC or by the Securities Act, the -3- Exchange Act or otherwise necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective for the applicable period and cause the Prospectus as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 under the Securities Act; and comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by such Registration Statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended method or methods of disposition by the holders of such Registrable Securities set forth in such Registration Statement or Prospectus as so supplemented; (ii) notify the selling holders of Registrable Securities and the managing underwriters, if any, promptly, and (if requested by any such Person) confirm such advice in writing, (A) when the Prospectus or any supplement thereto or any amendment or post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed, and, with respect to the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment, when the same has become effective, (B) of any request by the Commission for amendments or post- effective amendments to the Registration Statement or supplements to the Prospectus or for additional information, (C) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose, (D) if at any time the representations and warranties of ATC contemplated by paragraph (xv) below cease to be true and correct in all material respects, (E) of the receipt by ATC of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose, and (F) of the existence of any Event which results in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference containing an untrue statement of material fact or omitting to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (iv) use its reasonable business efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any qualification referred to in paragraphs (iii)(C) and (iii)(E) at the earliest possible moment; (v) if requested by the managing underwriters or a holder of Registrable Securities being sold in connection with an underwritten offering, immediately incorporate in a Prospectus supplement or post- effective amendment to the Registration Statement such information as the managing underwriters or the holders of not less than a majority in value (based upon the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities being sold reasonably a request to have included -4- therein relating to the plan of distribution with respect to such Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the amount of other Registrable Securities being sold to such underwriters, the purchase price being paid therefor by such underwriters and with respect to any other terms of the underwritten (or best efforts underwritten) offering of the Registrable Securities to be sold in such offering; and make all required filings of such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment promptly after being notified of the matters to be incorporated in such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; (vi) at the request of any selling holder of Registrable Securities, furnish to such selling holder of Registrable Securities and each managing underwriter, if any, without charge, at least one signed copy of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference and all exhibits (including those incorporated by reference); (vii) deliver to each selling holder of Registrable Securities and the underwriters, if any, without charge, as many copies of the Registration Statement, each Prospectus (including each preliminary prospectus) and any amendment or supplement thereto (in each case including all exhibits, except that ATC shall not be obligated to furnish any such selling holder more than two copies of such exhibits other than incorporation documents), as such persons may reasonably request, together with such documents incorporated by reference in such Registration Statement or Prospectus, and such other documents as such selling holder or underwriter may reasonably request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement; ATC consents to the use of each Prospectus or any supplement thereto by each selling holder of Registrable Securities and the underwriters, if any, in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Securities covered by each Registration Statement or any amendment thereto; (viii) prior to any public offering of Registrable Securities, use its reasonable business efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the selling holders of Registrable Securities, the underwriters, if any, and their respective counsel in connection with the registration or qualification of such Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as any selling holder or any underwriter reasonably requests in writing and do any and all other acts or things necessary or advisable to enable the disposition in such jurisdictions of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement; provided, however, that ATC will not be required to qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction where it is not then so qualified or to take any action which would subject it to general service of process or general taxation in any such jurisdiction where it is not then so subject; (ix) cooperate with the selling holders of Registrable Securities and the underwriters, if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable Securities to be sold and not bearing any restrictive legends; and enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the underwriters may reasonably request at least two (2) business days prior to any sale of Registrable Securities to the underwriters; (x) use its reasonable business efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement to be registered with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary or advisable to enable the sellers thereof or the underwriters, if any, to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Securities; -5- (xi) if any event contemplated by paragraph (iii) (F) above shall exist, prepare and furnish to such holders a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or supplement to the Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable Securities, the Prospectus will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; (xii) cause all Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement to be listed on each securities exchange or other trading market on which securities of the same class are then listed or traded or, if the Registrable Securities are not then listed on a securities exchange, and if the NASD is reasonably likely to permit the inclusion of the Registrable Securities on NASDAQ, use its reasonable business efforts to facilitate the inclusion of the Registrable Securities on NASDAQ; (xiii) not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement, provide a CUSIP number for all Registrable Securities and provide the applicable transfer agent or agents with printed certificates or instruments for the Registrable Securities which are in a form eligible for deposit with Depository Trust Company or other transferee and otherwise meeting the requirements of any securities exchange or other trading market on which such Registrable Securities are listed or traded; (xiv) enter into agreements (including underwriting agreements) and take all other appropriate actions in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities and in such connection, whether or not an underwriting agreement is entered into and whether or not the offer and sale of the Registrable Securities is an underwritten offering: (A) make such representations and warranties to the holders of such Registrable Securities and the underwriters, if any, in form, substance and scope, reasonably satisfactory to such holders and underwriters, as are customarily made by issuers to underwriters in primary underwritten offerings; (B) obtain opinions and updates thereof of counsel which counsel and opinions to ATC (in form, scope and substance) shall be reasonably satisfactory to the underwriters, if any, and the holders of not less than a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities being sold, addressed to each selling holder and the underwriters, if any, covering the matters customarily covered in opinions requested in underwritten offerings and such other matters as may be reasonably requested by such holders and underwriters; (C) obtain so-called "cold comfort" letters and updates thereof from ATC's independent public accountants addressed to the selling holders of Registrable Securities and the underwriters, if any, such letters to be in customary form and covering matters of the type customarily covered in "cold comfort" letters to underwriters in connection with primary -6- underwritten offerings and such other matters as may be reasonably requested by such holders and underwriters; (D) if an underwriting agreement is entered into, cause the same to set forth in full the indemnification provisions and procedures of Section 3 (or such other substantially similar provisions and procedures as the underwriters shall reasonably request) with respect to all parties to be indemnified pursuant to said Section; and (E) deliver such documents and certificates as may be reasonably requested by the holders of not less than a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities being sold or the underwriters, if any, to evidence compliance with the provisions of this Section and with any customary conditions contained in the underwriting agreement or other agreement entered into by ATC. The requirements of subparagraphs (B), (C) and (D) of this paragraph (xiv) shall be complied with at the effectiveness of such Registration Statement, each closing under any underwriting or similar agreement as and to the extent required thereunder and from time to time as may reasonably be requested by a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of Registrable Securities being sold pursuant to such Registration Statement, all in a manner consistent with customary industry practice; (xv) make available to a representative of the holders of not less than a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities, any underwriter participating in any disposition pursuant to such Registration Statement, and any attorney or accountant retained by such holders or underwriter, all financial, corporate and other records and documents of ATC, and cause ATC's officers, directors and employees to supply all information reasonably requested by any such representatives, underwriter, attorney or accountant in connection with the registration, with respect to each at such time or times as the person requesting such information shall reasonably determine; provided, however, that any records, information or documents that are designated by ATC in writing as confidential shall be kept confidential by such persons unless disclosure of such records, information or documents is required by court or administrative order or applicable law or otherwise becomes public without breach of the provisions of this paragraph; (xvi) otherwise use its reasonable business efforts to comply with the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission and all applicable state blue sky and other securities laws, rules and regulations, and make generally available to its security holders, earnings statements satisfying the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act, no later than thirty (30) days after the end of any 12- month period (or ninety (90) days if the end of such 12-month period coincides with the end of a fiscal quarter or fiscal year, respectively) of ATC (A) commencing at the end of any month in which Registrable Securities are sold to underwriters in an underwritten offering, or, if not sold to underwriters in such an offering, (B) beginning with the first month commencing after the effective date of the Registration Statement, which statements shall cover said 12-month periods; -7- (xvii) cooperate and assist in any filings required to be made with the NASD and in the performance of any due diligence investigation by any underwriter (including any "qualified independent underwriter" that is required to be retained in accordance with the rules and regulations of the NASD); (xviii) promptly prior to the filing of any document which is to be incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (after the initial filing of the Registration Statement) provide copies of such document to the selling holders of Registrable Securities, the underwriters, if any, and their respective counsel, make ATC's representatives available for discussion of such document with such persons and make such changes in such document prior to the filing thereof as any such persons may reasonably request; and (xix) cooperate and assist in any filings required to be made with the FCC, including without limitation the obtaining of any consents of the FCC required in connection with any change in control of ATC. (d) Restrictions on Registration. Anything in Section 1 to the contrary notwithstanding, ATC shall not be required to register Registrable Securities on behalf of any Stockholder to the following extent and subject to the following conditions: in the case of any registration initially proposed to be filed solely on behalf of ATC if, in the opinion of the managing underwriters of the proposed public offering (a copy of which opinion shall have been furnished to any Stockholder requesting registration (or each such holder if ATC has elected not to notify the holders of Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(a) because it is not required to include any Registrable Securities in such registration pursuant to the provisions of this Section)), such registration (or such portion thereof as may be specified in such opinion) would adversely affect the proposed public offering price or the plan of distribution contemplated by the proposed ATC offering, in which event ATC shall (unless in the opinion of such managing underwriters (a copy of which shall be similarly furnished) to do so would materially and adversely affect the proposed public offering price or such plan of distribution)) cause such Registration Statement to remain in effect and to be phrased in such a manner so that the Stockholders requesting registration thereunder may, during a period commencing not less than sixty (60) days or more than ninety (90) days (or such other period as such managing underwriters may approve as not so adversely affecting the proposed public offering price or such plan of distribution) after the closing of the sale to the underwriters pursuant to the original distribution thereunder, offer and sell under such Registration Statement the Registrable Securities referred to in the request of registration pursuant to this Section 1. (e) Additional Restrictions on Registration. Anything in this Agreement to --------------------------------------- the contrary notwithstanding, ATC shall not be required to file a registration statement requested pursuant to this Section 1 if ATC has furnished, to the Stockholders requesting a registration statement to be filed, a certificate signed by the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Financial Officer of ATC stating that in the good faith judgment of the signer of such certificate the filing of a registration statement would require the disclosure of material information that ATC has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential and that is not then otherwise required to be disclosed; provided, however, that ATC's obligation to use its reasonable business efforts to effect a registration pursuant to this Section 1 may not be deferred pursuant to this paragraph (e) for more than ninety (90) days from the date of receipt of a written request from such Stockholders, and provided further, however, that ATC shall not utilize this right more than once during any twelve (12) month period unless the Stockholders requesting such registration have been afforded a reasonable period (not less than ninety (90) days) during such twelve (12) month period to effect such registration. -8- 2. Conditions to Registration. -------------------------- Each Stockholder's right to have Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement filed by ATC in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) The holders on whose behalf such Registrable Securities are to be included shall be required to furnish ATC in a timely manner all information required by the applicable rules and regulations of the Commission concerning the proposed method of sale or other disposition of such Registrable Securities, the identity of and compensation to be paid to any proposed underwriters to be employed in connection therewith, and such other information as may be reasonably requested by ATC or its counsel properly to prepare and file such Registration Statement in accordance with applicable provisions of the Securities Act; (b) If any such holder desires to sell and distribute Registrable Securities over a period of time, or from time to time, at then prevailing market prices, then any such holder shall execute and deliver to ATC such written undertakings as ATC and its counsel may reasonably request in order to assure full compliance with applicable provisions of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act; (c) In the case of any underwritten offering on behalf of the holders of Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(b), the managing underwriters (other than CSFB or its affiliates) shall be subject to the approval of ATC, such approval not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned; (d) In the case of any registration requested pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(a), the offering price for any Registrable Securities to be so registered shall be no less than for any securities of the same class then to be registered for sale for the account of ATC or other security holders, unless such Registrable Securities are to be offered from time to time based on the prevailing market price; (e) Upon receipt of any notice from ATC of the existence of any event of the nature referred to in paragraph (iii) of Section 1(c), such holder will forthwith discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities until such holder's receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus contemplated by such paragraph, or until it is advised in writing by ATC that the use of the Prospectus may be resumed, and has received copies of any additional or supplemental filings which are incorporated by reference in the Prospectus, and, if so directed by ATC, such holder will deliver to ATC all copies, other than permanent file copies then in such holder's possession, of the Prospectus covering such Registrable Securities current at the time of receipt of such notice; (f) In the event any filing with or consent of the FCC is required, cooperate and assist in any such filings, including without limitation providing all information required in obtaining any consents of the FCC required in connection with any change in control of ATC; and (g) The holders of Registrable Securities requesting registration shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with such registration pursuant to the provisions of this Section. -9- 3. Indemnification. --------------- (a) Indemnification by ATC. In the event of the registration of any ---------------------- Registrable Securities under the Securities Act pursuant to the provisions hereof, ATC will, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, indemnify and hold harmless each Stockholder on whose behalf such Registrable Securities shall have been registered, its partners, trustees, advisory committee members, directors, officers, employees, representatives and agents, each underwriter, broker and dealer, if any, who participates in the offering or sale of such Registrable Securities, and each other Person, if any, who controls such Stockholder or any such underwriter, broker or dealer within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each such person being hereinafter sometimes referred to as an "indemnified person"), from and against any Claims, joint or several, to which such indemnified person may become subject, including without limitation under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities or blue sky law, insofar as such Claims arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of any material fact contained or incorporated by reference in any Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or in any preliminary prospectus, or any document incorporated by reference therein, or arise out of or based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and will reimburse each such indemnified person for any legal or any other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified person in connection with investigating or defending, settling or satisfying any such Claim; provided, however, that ATC will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such Claim arises out of or is based upon an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, Prospectus, amendment or supplement in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to ATC by such indemnified person specifically stating that it is for use in preparation thereof. Such indemnity shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such indemnified person and shall survive the transfer of such Registrable Securities by such Stockholder. (b) Indemnification by Holders of Registrable Securities. In the ---------------------------------------------------- event of the registration of any Registrable Securities under the Securities Act pursuant to the provisions hereof, each Stockholder on whose behalf such Registrable Securities shall have been registered will, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, severally but not jointly, indemnify and hold harmless, ATC, each director of ATC, each officer of ATC who signs the registration statement, each underwriter, broker and dealer, if any, who participates in the offering and sale of such Registrable Securities and each other Person, if any, who controls ATC or any such underwriter, broker or dealer within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act (each such person including without limitation ATC being hereinafter sometimes referred to as an "indemnified person"), against any Claims, joint or several, to which such indemnified person may become subject, including without limitation under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any state securities or blue sky law, insofar as such Claims arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained or incorporated by reference in any Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto or any document incorporated by reference therein, or arise out of or are based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, provided that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission has been made or incorporated therein in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to ATC by such Stockholder specifically stating that it is for use in preparation thereof, and will reimburse each such indemnified person for any legal or any other expenses reasonably incurred by ATC or such indemnified person in connection with investigating or defending, settling or satisfying any such Claim. Such indemnity -10- shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such indemnified person and shall survive the transfer of such Registrable Securities by such Stockholder. In no event shall the liability of any such Stockholder hereunder be greater in amount than the dollar amount of the proceeds received by such Stockholder upon the sale of the Registrable Securities giving rise to such indemnification obligation. (c) Procedure. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party of --------- notice of the commencement of any action (including any governmental investigation or inquiry), such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party, give written notice to such indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than pursuant to the provisions of this Section and then only to the extent such indemnifying party has been prejudiced, or otherwise adversely affected thereby and in no event shall such failure relieve the indemnifying party from any other liability which it may have to the indemnified party. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party, and it notifies an indemnifying party of the commencement thereof, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and to the extent that it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party, the indemnifying party shall not, except as hereinafter provided, be responsible for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof, other than reasonable cost of investigation. No indemnifying party will consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such indemnified party of a release from all liability in respect to such Claim. Such indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be the expense of such indemnified party, unless (i) the indemnifying party has agreed to pay such fees and expenses, (ii) the indemnifying party shall have failed to assume the defense of such action or proceeding or has failed to employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party in any such action or proceeding, or (iii) the named parties to any such action or proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both such indemnified party and the indemnifying party, and such indemnified party shall have been advised in writing by counsel that representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential material differing interests between them (in which case, if such indemnified party notifies the indemnifying party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the indemnifying party, the indemnifying party shall not have the right to assume the defense of such action or proceeding on behalf of such indemnified party, it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not, in connection with any one such action or proceeding or separate but substantially similar or related actions or proceedings in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys at any time for such indemnified party and any other indemnified parties, which firm shall be designated in writing by such indemnified parties). The indemnifying party shall not be liable for any settlement of any such action or proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with its written consent, or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff in any such action or proceeding, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify and hold harmless such indemnified parties from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. (d) Contribution. If the indemnification provided for in this Section ------------ or in Section 4 is unavailable, because prohibited or restricted by Applicable Law, to a party that would have been an -11- indemnified party under either such Section in respect of any Claims referred to therein, then each party that would have been an indemnifying party thereunder shall, in lieu of indemnifying such indemnified party, contribute to the amount paid or payable by such indemnified party as a result of such Claims in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying party on the one hand and such indemnified party on the other in connection with the statement or omission which resulted in such Claims, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the indemnifying party or such indemnified party and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section, a holder of Registrable Securities shall not, as an indemnified party, be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total price at which the Registrable Securities sold by such indemnified party or its Affiliates and distributed to the public were offered to the public exceeds the amount of any damages which such indemnified party or its Affiliates have otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. ATC and each holder of Registrable Securities agrees that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to above in this Section. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of the Claims referred to above in this Section or Section 4 shall include any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such indemnified party in connection with investigation or defending any such action or claim (which shall be limited as provided in Section 3(c) if the indemnifying party has assumed the defense of any such action in accordance with the provisions thereof). The obligations of each Stockholder under this Section 3(d) are several and not joint. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. Indemnification or, if appropriate, contribution, similar to that specified in the preceding provisions of this Section (with appropriate modifications) shall be given by ATC and each seller of Registrable Securities with respect to any required registration or other qualification of Registrable Securities under any Applicable Law other than the Securities Act. In the event of any underwritten offering of Registrable Securities under the Securities Act pursuant to the provisions of Section 1, ATC and each Stockholder on whose behalf Registrable Securities shall have been registered agree to enter into an underwriting agreement, in standard form, with the underwriters, which underwriting agreement may contain additional provisions with respect to indemnification and contribution in lieu of the provisions of this Section. 4. Exchange Act Registration. ------------------------- ATC covenants and agrees that, at its expense, until such time as the Stockholders no longer hold any Registrable Securities: (a) it will, if required by law, maintain a registration statement (containing such information and documents as the Commission shall specify) with respect to the ATC Common Stock under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Exchange Act effective and will file on time such -12- information, documents and reports as the Commission may require or prescribe for companies whose stock has been registered pursuant to said Section 12(b) or 12(g); (b) it will, if a registration statement with respect to the ATC Common Stock under Section 12(b) or Section 12(g) is effective, upon the request of any Stockholder, make whatever other filings with the Commission or otherwise make generally available to the public such financial and other information as any Stockholder may deem necessary or advisable in order to enable him to be permitted to sell shares of ATC Common Stock pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act (or any successor rule or regulation thereto or any statute hereafter adopted to replace or to establish the exemption that is now covered by said Rule 144); (c) it will, if not subject to Section 13 to 15(d) of the Exchange Act, upon the request of any Significant Stockholder made on or after December 31, 1998, make publicly available the information specified in subparagraph (c)(2) of said Rule 144, and will take such further action as any Stockholder may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable such Stockholder to sell Registrable Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by said Rule 144 (or any successor rule or regulation to either thereof or any statute hereafter adopted to replace or to establish the exemption that is now covered by said Rule 144); and (d) it will, if not subject to Section 13 to 15(d) of the Exchange Act, upon the request of any Stockholder agree to furnish to a prospective purchaser (subject to the execution by it of a confidentiality agreement in form, scope and substance reasonably satisfactory to ATC) the information specified in subparagraph (d)(4) of Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act (or any successor rule or regulation thereto or any statute hereafter adopted to replace or to establish the exemption that is now covered by said Rule 144A), and will take such further action as any Stockholder may reasonably request, all to the extent required from time to time to enable such Stockholder to sell Registrable Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by said Rule 144A (or any successor rule or regulation thereto or any statute hereafter adopted to replace or to establish the exemption that is now covered by said Rule 144A); and (e) upon the request of any Stockholder, it will deliver to such Stockholder a written statement as to whether it has complied with the requirements of this Section. ATC represents and warrants that any such registration statement or any information, documents or report filed with the Commission in connection therewith or any information so made public shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements contained therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. ATC shall, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, indemnify and hold harmless (or to the extent the same is not enforceable, make contribution to) the Stockholders, their partners, trustees, advisory committee members, officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents, each broker, dealer or underwriter (within the meaning of the Securities Act) acting for any Stockholder in connection with any offering or sale by such Stockholder of Registrable Securities or any person, firm or corporation controlling (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act) such Stockholder or any such broker, dealer or underwriter from and against any and all Claims arising out of or resulting from any breach of the foregoing representation or warranty, all on terms -13- and conditions comparable to those set forth in Section 3; provided, however, that ATC shall be given written notice and an opportunity to participate in, and, to the extent that it may wish, to assume on terms and conditions comparable to those set forth in Section 3, the defense thereof. 5. Termination of Registration Obligations. --------------------------------------- The obligations of ATC to any Stockholder with respect to its rights of registration provided for in Section 1: (a) shall continue until such time as Sullivan & Worcester LLP, or other counsel for ATC knowledgeable in securities law matters and reasonably acceptable to such Stockholder has delivered a written opinion to ATC and such Stockholder to the effect that either (i) such Stockholder has no further obligation to comply with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or to deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act in connection with further sales by such Stockholder of Registrable Securities or (ii) such Stockholder is able to sell all of the Registrable Securities owned by it pursuant to the provisions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act in a three-month period; and (b) shall not apply to any proposed sales or other dispositions or offers therefor of any Registrable Securities with respect to which Sullivan & Worcester LLP, or other counsel for ATC knowledgeable in securities law matters and reasonably acceptable to such Stockholder has delivered a written opinion to ATC and such Stockholder proposing to make such offer, sale or other disposition to the effect that such Stockholder has no obligation to comply with the registration requirements of the Securities Act or to deliver a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act. Any such opinion (a copy of which shall be addressed to such Stockholder) shall be reasonably satisfactory (in the case of such opinion as to form, scope and substance) to such Stockholder. ATC shall, to the extent permitted by Applicable Law, indemnify and hold harmless each Stockholder, its partners, trustees, advisory committee members, officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents and each person, if any, who controls such Stockholder within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, against any Claims to which such Stockholder, or such partners, trustees, advisory committee members, officers, directors, employees, representatives and agents or controlling persons may become subject under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claims arise out of or are based upon the failure to register the Registrable Securities because of the invocation by ATC of the provisions of this Section under the Securities Act, all on terms and conditions comparable to those set forth in Section 3; provided, however, that ATC shall be given written notice and an opportunity to participate in, and to the extent that it may wish, to assume, on terms and conditions comparable to those set forth in Section 3, the defense thereof. The indemnification and contributions provisions of Sections 3 and 4 and this Section, and the obligations of each Stockholder pursuant to the provisions of Section 9, shall survive any termination of ATC's obligations pursuant to this Section. 6. Registration Rights of Others. ------------------------------ -14- ATC represents and warrants that it has not previously entered into any agreement with respect to its securities granting any registration rights to any Person other than the 1998 Registration Rights Agreement. 7. Mergers, etc. ------------ In addition to any other restrictions on mergers, consolidations and reorganizations contained in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, by-laws or agreements of ATC, ATC covenants and agrees that it shall not, directly or indirectly, enter into any merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of its assets or business, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization in which ATC shall not be the surviving corporation unless the surviving corporation shall, prior to such merger, consolidation or reorganization, agree in a writing to assume all of the obligations of ATC under this Agreement, and for that purpose references hereunder to "Registrable Securities" shall be deemed to include the securities which such holders would be entitled to receive in exchange for Registrable Securities pursuant to any such merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of its assets or business, liquidation, dissolution or reorganization. 8. Annual and Quarterly Reports; Other Information. ----------------------------------------------- ATC will deliver to each Stockholder so long as such Stockholder holds any Registrable Securities: (a) as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year and each quarter, audited annual and unaudited consolidated quarterly financial statements of ATC, including a consolidated balance sheet, a consolidated statement of operations, and a consolidated statement of cash flow, for such year or quarter, all prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (b) as soon as available, copies of all documents filed with the Commission; and (c) such other financial and other information as may, from time to time, be reasonably requested by any Significant Stockholder. 9. Withdrawals. ----------- Any Stockholder may at any time withdraw any request made pursuant to Section 1 for registration of its Registrable Securities. Notwithstanding anything in the foregoing provisions of this Section to the contrary, the provisions of this Section shall not be applicable in the event that any such withdrawal or withdrawals resulting in such termination is or are effected on account of (a) ATC's failure to disclose any material fact required to be disclosed in the registration statement or any prospectus relating to such offering or (b) any material adverse change in ATC, its business, assets or condition (financial or other). 10. Definitions. ----------- As used herein, unless the context otherwise requires, the terms (or any variant in the form thereof) set forth in this Agreement shall have the respective meanings so set forth. Terms defined in the singular shall have a comparable meaning when used in the plural, and vice versa, and the reference to ---- ----- any gender shall be deemed to include all genders. Unless otherwise defined or the context otherwise clearly requires, terms for which meanings are provided in this Agreement shall have such meanings when used in each -15- agreement, notice, certificate, communication, opinion or other document executed or required to be executed pursuant hereto or thereto or otherwise delivered, from time to time, pursuant hereto or thereto. "Affiliate" of any Person shall mean any Person which, directly or indirectly, owns or controls, is under common ownership or control with, or is owned or controlled by, such Person. A Person shall be deemed to be "controlled by" any other Person if such other Person possesses, directly or indirectly, power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of such Person or the disposition of its assets or property, whether by stock, equity or other ownership, contract, arrangement or understanding, or otherwise. "Agreement" is defined in the first paragraph. "Applicable Law" shall mean any Law of any Authority, whether domestic or foreign, including without limitation all federal and state Laws, to which the Person in question is subject or by which it or any of its business or operations is subject or any of its property is bound. "ATC" is defined in the first paragraph. "Authority" shall mean any governmental or quasi-governmental authority, whether executive, legislative, judicial, administrative or other, or any combination thereof, including without limitation any federal, state, territorial, county, municipal or other government or governmental or quasi- governmental agency, arbitrator, board, body, branch, bureau or comparable agency or Entity, commission, corporation, court, department, instrumentality, mediator, panel, system or other political unit or subdivision or other Entity of any of the foregoing, whether domestic or foreign. "Claims" shall mean, with respect to any Person, any and all debts, liabilities, obligations, losses, damages, deficiencies, assessments and penalties of or against such Person, together with all Legal Actions, pending or threatened, claims and judgments of whatever kind and nature relating thereto, and all fees, costs, expenses and disbursements (including without limitation reasonable attorneys' and other legal fees, costs and expenses) relating to any of the foregoing. "Common Stock", "Class A Common", "Class B Common" or "Class C Common", shall mean those respective securities described in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of ATC. "Commission" shall mean the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor Authority. "Excluded Offering" shall mean (a) an offering relating solely to dividend reinvestment plans or stock option or other employee benefit plans, (b) any merger, consolidation or acquisition, (c) any exchange or tender offer, whether with existing security holders of ATC or any other Person, or (d) a firm underwritten offering relating solely to convertible securities or units consisting of securities senior to Common Stock and warrants, options and rights to acquire Common Stock in which the managing underwriters shall have objected to the inclusion of any Registrable Securities. "Entity" shall mean any corporation, firm, unincorporated organization, association, partnership, a trust (inter vivos or testamentary), an estate of a deceased, insane or incompetent individual, business trust, joint stock company, joint venture or other organization, entity or business, whether acting in an individual, fiduciary or other capacity, or any Authority. -16- "Event" shall mean the existence or occurrence of any act, action, activity, circumstances, condition, event, fact, failure to act, omission, incident or practice, or any set or combination of any of the foregoing. "Exchange Act" shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision. "FCC" shall mean the Federal Communications Commission or any successor Authority. "Law" shall mean any (a) administrative, judicial, legislative or other action, code, consent decree, constitution, decree, directive, enactment, finding, law, injunction, interpretation, judgment, order, ordinance, policy statement, proclamation, promulgation, regulation, requirement, rule, rule of law, rule of public policy, settlement agreement, statute, or writ of any Authority, domestic or foreign; (b) the common law, or other legal precedent; or (c) arbitrator's, mediator's or referee's award, decision, finding or recommendation. "Legal Action" shall mean, with respect to any Person, any and all litigation or legal or other actions, arbitrations, counterclaims, investigations, proceedings, requests for material information by or pursuant to the order of any Authority or suits, at law or in arbitration, equity or admiralty, whether or not purported to be brought on behalf of such Person, affecting such Person or any of such Person's business, property or assets. "NASD" shall mean the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. "NASDAQ" shall mean the automatic quotation system of NASD. "Person" shall mean any natural individual or any Entity. "Prospectus" shall mean each prospectus included in any Registration Statement, as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement with respect to the terms of the offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement and by all other amendments and supplements to the prospectus, including each preliminary prospectus and post- effective amendments and all material incorporated by reference in such prospectus. "Registrable Securities" shall mean (a) all shares of Class A Common Stock acquired by CSFB pursuant to the ATC Stock Purchase Agreement, and (b) all shares of Common Stock of whatever series or class or other equity securities of ATC derived from the Registrable Securities, whether as a result of merger, consolidation, stock split, stock dividend, stock distribution, stock combination, recapitalization or similar event. "Registration Expenses" shall mean all (or where appropriate any one or more) of the following: (a) all registration, filing and listing fees; (b) fees and expenses of compliance with securities or blue sky laws (including without limitation reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the underwriters or selling holders in connection with blue sky and state securities qualifications of the Registrable Securities under the -17- laws of such jurisdictions as the managing underwriters or the holders of not less than a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities being sold may designate); (c) printing (including without limitation expenses of printing or engraving certificates for the Registrable Securities in a form eligible for deposit with Depositary Trust Company and otherwise meeting the requirements of any securities exchange on which they are listed and of printing Prospectuses), word processing, messenger, telephone and delivery expenses; (d) fees and disbursements of counsel for ATC, and reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel for the underwriters and for the selling holders of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the provisions of Section 1(c)(xiv) (subject to any provisions to the contrary in this Agreement); (e) fees and disbursements of all independent public accountants of ATC (including without limitation the expenses of any annual or special audit and "cold comfort" letters required by the provisions of this Agreement); (f) fees and disbursements of underwriters (excluding discounts, commissions or fees of underwriters), selling brokers, dealer managers or similar securities industry professionals relating to the distribution of the Registrable Securities or legal expenses of any Person other than ATC, the underwriters and the selling holders; (g) securities act liability insurance if ATC so desires or if the underwriters or the holders of not less than a majority in value (based on the proposed public offering price) of the Registrable Securities being sold so require; (h) fees and expenses of other Persons, including any experts, retained by ATC; (i) fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Registrable Securities on each securities exchange on which securities of the same class are then listed; (j) fees and expenses associated with any NASD filing required to be made in connection with any Registration Statement, including, if applicable, the fees and expenses of any "qualified independent underwriter" (and its counsel) that is required to be retained in accordance with the rules and regulations of the NASD; (k) all other third party costs and expenses normally associated with the issuance and sale of newly issued public securities. "Registration Statement" shall mean any registration statement of ATC which covers Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including the Prospectus, amendments, including post-effective amendments to such registration statement, and supplements to such Prospectus and all exhibits and all material incorporated by reference in such registration statement. "Securities Act" shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder, all as from time to time in effect, or any successor law, rules or regulations, and -18- any reference to any statutory or regulatory provision shall be deemed to be a reference to any successor statutory or regulatory provision. "Significant Stockholder" shall mean CSFB (regardless of amount owned) or any other Stockholder, or group of Stockholders acting together, which owns shares of Common Stock with a market value of not less than $10,000,000; provided, however, that notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event ATC is, at the time of any request made pursuant to the provisions of Section 1(b), eligible to file a Registration Statement on Form S-3 (or any successor form) with respect to the proposed disposition of the Registrable Securities with respect to which such request has been made, and such form is acceptable to the holders making such request, the minimum market value of the Registrable Securities shall be not less than $5,000,000. "Stockholders" shall mean CSFB and any persons who hereafter become assignees pursuant to Section 11(a). "Subsidiary" shall mean, with respect to any Person, any Entity a majority of the capital stock ordinarily entitled to vote for the election of directors, or if no such voting stock is outstanding a majority of the equity interests, of which is owned directly or indirectly by such Person or any Subsidiary of such Person. 11. Miscellaneous. ------------- (a) Assignment; Successors and Assigns. In the event that ATC shall be ---------------------------------- merged with, or consolidated into, any other Entity or in the event that it shall sell and transfer substantially all of its assets to another Entity, the terms of this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of, and be assumed by, the Entity resulting from such merger or consolidation, or to which ATC's assets shall be sold and transferred. Anything in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the term "Stockholders" as used in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the holders from time to time of any of the Registrable Securities, whether or not they become parties to this Agreement, except for holders who have acquired Registrable Securities in connection with an offering registered under the Securities Act or pursuant to sales made in accordance with Rule 144 (or any successor rule or regulation or statute in substitution therefor). The rights to cause ATC to register Registrable Securities pursuant to Section 1 may be assigned in connection with any transfer or assignment by a holder of Registrable Securities; provided, however, that (i) such transfer may otherwise be effected in accordance with applicable securities laws and (ii) such transfer is effected in compliance with the restrictions on transfer contained in any agreement between ATC and such holder. ATC's obligations under this Agreement shall not be assigned, and its duties under this Agreement shall not be delegated, except as provided in the first sentence of this Section. Nothing in this Agreement expressed or implied is intended to and shall not be construed to confer upon or create in any Person (other than the parties hereto and their permitted successors and assigns) any rights or remedies under or by reason of this Agreement, including without limitation any rights to enforce this Agreement. (b) Specific Performance; Other Rights and Remedies. Each party recognizes ----------------------------------------------- and agrees that the other parties' remedies at law for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement would be inadequate and agrees that for breach of such provisions, each such party shall, in addition to such other remedies as may be available to it at law or in equity or as provided in this Agreement, be entitled to injunctive relief and to enforce its rights by an action for specific performance to the extent permitted by Law. Each party hereby waives any requirement for security or the posting of any bond or other surety in connection with any -19- temporary or permanent award of injunctive, mandatory or other equitable relief. Nothing herein contained shall be construed as prohibiting any party from pursuing any other remedies available to it for such breach or threatened breach, including without limitation the recovery of damages. (c) Expenses. CSFB shall pay the expenses incident to the negotiation, -------- preparation, performance and enforcement of this Agreement (including all fees and expenses of its and ATC's counsel, accountants and other consultants, advisors and representatives for all activities of such persons undertaken pursuant to this Agreement), except to the extent otherwise specifically set forth in this Agreement. (d) Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement ---------------- among the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, arrangements, covenants, promises, conditions, understandings, inducements, representations and negotiations, expressed or implied, oral or written, among them as to such subject matter. (e) Waivers; Amendments. Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the ------------------- contrary, amend ments to and modifications of this Agreement may be made, required consents and approvals may be granted, compliance with any term, covenant, agreement, condition or other provision set forth herein may be omitted or waived, either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively with, but only with, the written consent of ATC (to the extent it is entitled to the benefit thereof) and (i) with respect to the rights of the Stockholders set forth in Section 1(b), including without limitation the definition of Significant Stockholder, two-thirds (2/3) in interest of the Stockholders, and (ii) with respect to all other rights and obligations of the Stockholders, a majority in interest of the Stockholders (to the extent they are entitled to the benefit thereof or obligated thereby); provided, however, that in the event any such amendment, modification, consent, approval or waiver shall be for the benefit of or materially adverse to less than all of the Stockholders, such amendment, modification, consent, approval or waiver shall require a majority in interest of those Stockholders who are not so benefitted or who are so materially adversely affected. (f) Notices. All notices and other communications which by any provision ------- of this Agreement are required or permitted to be given shall be given in writing and shall be (a) mailed by first-class or express mail, postage prepaid, (b) sent by telex, telegram, telecopy or other form of rapid transmission, confirmed by mailing (by first class or express mail, postage prepaid) written confirmation at substantially the same time as such rapid transmission, or (c) personally delivered to the receiving party (which if other than an individual shall be an officer or other responsible party of the receiving party). All such notices and communications shall be mailed, sent or delivered as follows: If to American Tower Corporation, at 116 Huntington Avenue Boston, MA 02116 Attention: Steven B. Dodge, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Facsimile: (617) 375-7575 with a copy to: Sullivan & Worcester LLP One Post Office Square Boston, MA 02109 Attention: Norman A. Bikales, Esq. Facsimile: (617) 338-2880 -20- If to CSFB: 11 Madison Avenue New York, New York 10010 Attention: Kristin M. Allen, Managing Director Facsimile: (212) 325-8021 with a copy to: Sullivan &Cromwell 125 Broad Street New York, NY 10004 Attention: John T. Bostelman Facsimile: (212) 558-3588 (g) Severability. If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or ------------ deemed to be, or shall in fact be, invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable as applied to any particular case in any jurisdiction or jurisdictions, or in all jurisdictions or in all cases, because of the conflicting of any provision with any constitution or statute or rule of public policy or for any other reason, such circumstance shall not have the effect of rendering the provision or provisions in question invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable in any other jurisdiction or in any other case or circumstance or of rendering any other provision or provisions herein contained invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable to the extent that such other provisions are not themselves actually in conflict with such constitution, statute or rule of public policy, but this Agreement shall be reformed and construed in any such jurisdiction or case as if such invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein and such provision reformed so that it would be valid, operative and enforceable to the maximum extent permitted in such jurisdiction or in such case, except when such reformation and construction could operate as an undue hardship on either party, or constitute a substantial deviation from the general intent and purpose of such party as reflected in this Agreement. The parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable provisions with valid, operative, legal and enforceable provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the invalid, inoperative, illegal or unenforceable provisions. (h) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in several counterparts, ------------ each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument, binding upon all the parties hereto. In pleading or proving any provision of this Agreement, it shall not be necessary to produce more than one of such counterparts. (i) Section Headings. The headings contained in this Agreement are for ---------------- reference purposes only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. (j) Governing Law. The validity, interpretation, construction and ------------- performance of this Agreement shall be governed by the applicable laws of the United States of America and the domestic -21- substantive laws of the State of New York without giving effect to any choice or conflict of laws provision or rule that would cause the application of domestic substantive laws of any other jurisdiction. (k) Further Acts. Each party agrees that at any time, and from time to ------------ time, before and after the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, it will do all such things and execute and deliver all such agreements, assignments, instruments, other documents and assurances, as any other party or its counsel reasonably deems necessary or desirable in order to carry out the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby or to facilitate the enjoyment of any of the rights created hereby or to be created hereunder. -22- IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed or caused to be executed this Agreement as of the date set forth in the first paragraph hereof. American Tower Corporation By: ------------------------------------- Name: Steven B. Dodge Title: Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer Credit Suisse First Boston Corporation By: ------------------------------------- Name: Title: -23-

EXHIBIT 21 ---------- SUBSIDIARIES OF AMERICAN TOWER CORPORATION ------------------------------------------ Information is as of December 31,1998 except when noted. - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Jurisdiction of Incorporation Subsidiary or Organization ---------- --------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Towers, Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC Operating Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC LP Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC GP Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC Holding, Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Tower Rental Holding Corporation Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Tower Rental, Inc. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- National Telecommunication Advisors, LLC (1) Massachusetts - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC Tower Corp. Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- US Sitelease, Inc. Kansas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HHR, Inc. Kansas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Westark Towers, Incorporated Arkansas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gritz Tower Maintenance Company Texas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC-Prime I, LLC Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATC-Prime II, LLC Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Grid Towers, LLC Georgia - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Tower, L.P. (2) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATS Needham, LLC (3) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ATS/PCS, LLC (4) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Towersites Monitoring, Inc. (5) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Teleports Corporation (6) (14) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OmniAmerica Holdings Corporation (7) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- South Atlantic Tower Corp. (7) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OmniTower, Ltd. (7) (8) Florida - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Novak & Lackey Construction Co., Inc. (7) Oklahoma - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Microwave Tower Service, Inc. (7) Oregon - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Management, Inc. (7) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Constructors, Inc. (7) New Mexico - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Fortress, Inc. (7) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OmniAmerica Development Corp. (7) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Constructors Coatings, Inc. (7) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Combined Resources, Inc. (7) Texas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Specialty Training Centers, Inc. (7) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- OmniAmerica Towers, Inc. (7) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- American Tower Merger Corporation (9) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. (10) Delaware - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mid-Pacific Telecom Communications Co. (10) Nevada - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Signal Tower Company, Inc. (10) New York - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mountain Top Management, Inc. (10) Colorado - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Western Site Management, LLP (10) (11) Colorado - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mountain Top-Telecom, L.L.C. (10) (12) Colorado - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Haysville Towers, L.L.C. (10) (13) Kansas - -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -------------------- (1) 99.9% owned by ATC Tower Corp. and 0.1% owned by American Towers, Inc. (2) 99% owned by ATC LP, Inc. and 1% owned by ATC GP, Inc. (3) 45.23% owned by American Tower, L.P. and 34.77% owned by American Towers, Inc. (4) 70% owned by American Tower, L.P. (5) Incorporated as of January 26, 1999. (6) Incorporated as of February 17, 1999. (7) Entity was acquired on February 25, 1999 pursuant to the consummation of the merger by and among American Tower Corporation, American Towers, Inc. and OmniAmerica, Inc., pursuant to which OmniAmerica, Inc. merged with and into American Towers, Inc., with American Towers, Inc. as the surviving corporation. (8) 99% owned by OmniAmerica Towers, Inc. and 1% owned by South Atlantic Tower Corp. (9) Incorporated as of February 25, 1999. (10) Entity was acquired on February 26, 1999 pursuant to the consummation of the merger by and among American Tower Corporation, American Towers, Inc., ATC Merger Corporation and TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. , pursuant to which ATC Merger Corporation merged with and into TeleCom Towers, L.L.C., with TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. as the surviving entity. (11) 67% owned by Mountain Top Management, Inc. and 33% owned by TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. (12) 90% owned by TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. and 10% owned by Mountain Top Management, Inc. (13) 67% owned by TeleCom Towers, L.L.C. (14) 100% owned by American Tower, L.P.

Exhibit 23 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT We consent to the incorporation by reference in Registration Statement Nos. 333-72927, 333-56331 and 333-51959 of American Tower Corporation and subsidiaries on Form S-8 of our report dated March 4, 1999, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of American Tower Corporation for the year ended December 31, 1998. DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP Boston, Massachusetts March 19, 1999

5 1,000 12-MOS DEC-31-1998 DEC-31-1998 186,175 0 16,736 1,230 0 207,585 472,483 23,007 1,502,343 115,635 281,129 0 0 1,083 1,090,663 1,502,343 0 103,544 0 113,815 17,871 1,139 23,229 (42,441) 4,491 (37,950) 0 8,892 0 (46,842) (0.59) (0.59)